WOOD FINISHER

Introduction

One of the final operations in the process of manufacturing furniture, household items made of wood, interior details is their finishing.

Wood finishing is the final, final operation in the process of manufacturing wooden products, which, with all their positive properties - beauty, hygiene, durability - have a big drawback, they are all exposed to external physical conditions - temperature, humidity, sunlight. To protect wood products from the influence of these factors, their decoration serves. In addition, it should protect the material from pests and give the item a beautiful appearance. The purpose of finishing is to make the surface of the product as flat and smooth as possible.

Many types of wood finishing (carving, burning, inlay, gilding), which were previously used for finishing products, have lost their industrial significance and have survived only in arts and crafts, as well as in interior decoration.

In the modern sense, wood finishing is understood as the creation of decorative and protective coatings on its surface with the help of paints and varnishes, film and sheet materials.

The profession "woodwork finisher" is included in the profession of "master of joinery and furniture production" and is a working profession.

This profession is creative, interesting, related to wooden architecture. A highly skilled finisher creates works that have no less impact on consumers than paintings. Wood products: polished or matte furniture, interior elements, souvenirs and much more delight the eye with the skillfully finished, skillfully crafted wood structure.

The master has a fine sense of the material (wood), can decorate interiors, various household items made from it.

The process of finishing wood products is very complex and has several stages, so the profession of finishing includes a wide variety of skills and abilities. First, the finisher removes resin and bleaches the wooden surfaces with various compounds. Then it removes dust in a brush machine. Before varnishing, moistens products to raise the nap. Varnishing is carried out by electrostatic spraying, pouring or dipping on plants, lines, machines or by hand. Then the worker levels the varnish film and dries it in installations of various designs. To make the surface of a wooden product perfectly smooth, after priming, it performs wet or dry sanding and polishing.

He also applies by spraying, dipping or manually applying mastic, wax, dye, primer, filler and filler for opaque surface finishing of parts and products. Eliminates finishing defects, repairs polished surfaces of products, furniture, makes adjustments to the necessary machines and equipment.

The profession of wood products finisher, according to the respondents, is creative, it is the profession of a craftsman. “Of the many woodworking professions, this is perhaps the most interesting. People sometimes do not know how much work has been invested in a particular piece of furniture. They just come to the store, they see a beautiful kitchen furniture from natural wood and buy it. And our task is to make this furniture beautiful, ”says the professional.

Professional self-identification

All interviewed finishers are focused on a specific type of activity aimed at practical work. By profession, all respondents consider themselves woodworkers. "The profession of a finisher is my life's work." “We work as finishers at a joinery factory. The work is interesting and varied. "

Reasons for choosing a profession

The workers interviewed came to the profession in different ways. Some were advised by their parents, others were helped by professional tests. “My father was a carpenter. Since childhood, I have planed and sawed something. After leaving school, he entered the vocational school number 8, learned to be a carpenter. He worked at a furniture factory, when the company was liquidated, he moved to the carpentry shop at LDK, where I have been working for more than 10 years. " “I am a machine operator by profession. I chose the profession of a machine operator because at school I liked working with wood in labor lessons. Currently, I am engaged in finishing window and door blocks, which is very profitable materially. "

All respondents note that they made the right choice of profession.

Ways of acquiring professional education

The required level of education is primary vocational.

Most woodwork finishers have initial vocational education as a woodworking machine operator, carpenter. They all believe that professional education is essential.

The heads of woodworking enterprises noted that "in production I would like to see a worker (machine operator, or at least a joiner) as a finisher, who could work on any woodworking machines."

To successfully master the profession, the finisher must know: the technological process and modes of operations performed; principle of operation and rules of operation of the equipment used; basic physical and mechanical properties of wood; type, properties of finishing materials and requirements for them.

1. Preparation of wood products finisher is carried out in the

primary vocational education.

2. The profession of wood products finisher can be obtained directly in production, there is no training in training centers.

Persons with primary vocational or secondary (complete) general education (11 classes) who have reached the age of 18 are accepted for work.

Prospects for professional growth and career: increasing the category (the profession has 1-6 grades), wages, the complexity of the work performed, the expansion of professional skills by increasing the types of work performed, retraining to related professions. To do this, it is necessary to continuously improve qualifications, learn the specifics of the organization of production, technological and labor processes, get acquainted in detail with the requirements for the quality of products and work performed.

The higher the grade of the finisher, the more complex types of work he can perform. So, a finisher of the 2nd grade can finish the window and door blocks, skirting boards, and the finisher of the 5-6th grade - especially complex work for polishing, grinding and varnishing furniture items.

In order to work as a technologist, engineer, you must enter a technical school or institute.

Related professions: woodworking machine operator, joiner, carpenter.

Features of professionals and professional activities

Features of professionals

The profession of a woodwork finisher makes certain demands on the psychological, psychophysiological characteristics of a person, as well as on the state of his health.

Experienced machine operators have noted that good health and stamina are essential to work. The finisher also needs a certain amount of physical strength in order, for example, to fix the workpiece.

The work of a finisher is a whole art that requires a lot of attention and aesthetic taste, dexterous, skillful hands and a significant amount of special knowledge and skills. For example, a finisher needs good coordination of movements when operating machines, since different movements have to be performed simultaneously.

In his work, he is also assisted by high visual, auditory and tactile sensitivity. Good vision and hearing are required when troubleshooting a machine tool. To control the operating mode of the machine and the state of the surface of the parts, the accuracy of auditory perception and a developed sense of touch are needed.

The finisher takes a significant amount of time to control the quality and accuracy of the workpiece and product, so he needs a well-developed linear and volumetric eye. Color perception helps to determine the readiness of the product by changing the color of the workpiece.

The finisher needs to keep a constant eye on the working machine, so he needs to be extremely careful and careful.

Long-term memory allows less frequent access to the drawing and the technological process (which gives a gain in time), as well as to memorize with great accuracy a large number of colors (paint compositions differing in color) and the peculiarities of their preparation.

The machine operator must be able to read drawings, calculate the modes of processing parts from various materials using reference materials, adjust and adjust machine tools, process wood parts, check the dimensions of parts using measuring instruments... Therefore, he must have good technical thinking and spatial imagination.

Certain personal qualities are of great importance for the successful performance of production functions: caution, attentiveness, accuracy, and conscientiousness. Invaluable help in work is provided by such personal qualities as hard work, activity, responsibility, initiative.

Medical restrictions: work is not recommended for people with diseases of the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, visual impairment, hearing impairment, neuropsychiatric diseases, disorders of the vestibular apparatus.

Features of professional activity.

Woodwork finishers are skilled workers in woodworking and furniture making.

The interviewed finishers describe their activities as follows: “Traditional material for making window frames and doors have long been wood that is easy to process. First, we prepare the wood for finishing. To do this, level the surface (close up cracks, dents, knots that have fallen out). We seal large, deep cracks, cracks and voids with wooden inserts on glue, small ones - with putty. Having leveled the wooden surface, we grind it by hand or on a grinding machine, then apply mastic and a primer. " “The work of a decorator is very responsible. The conifers from which the doors and windows are made are first degummed. With a rag or brush dipped in a solution of acetone and water, we wipe the surface of the wood, dry it. Only then we prime the product with linseed oil or wax mastic. It is recommended for finishing window frames and door frames. If the product is small, we do not priming, but cover the surface with a thin layer of very liquid wood glue and grind it. "

A finisher's workplace is a machine or several machines.

The finisher uses hand tools, mechanical equipment (levkas, grinding machines, brushing and priming machines).

Typically, finishers work in pairs - a finisher of a higher qualification and an assistant worker of a lower qualification.

As a rule, a woodworking finisher has a standardized working day: from 8-00 to 17-00 with an hour-long lunch break. However, depending on the enterprise and the work plan, machine operators can work in shifts.

The result of the work of the finishers is the release of finished wooden products: window and door blocks, platbands, window sills, skirting boards.

Problems, according to respondents, in woodworking are the same - "old, worn out equipment."

All interviewed finishers like their work. “The attitude of the craftsman to work is clearly visible in wood products. We process wood according to orders. We are trying to find a way of finishing, in which the product, while retaining its original appearance, leaves a feeling of the living natural beauty of wood. " “You feel real satisfaction when you see a finished, skillfully finished wooden furniture and you understand that you took the most direct part in its creation ”.

Working conditions. Finishers work in the woodworking industry, in specially equipped premises. The main working posture is "standing position". Dusty air, smell of varnish and paint are harmful factors.

During work, the finisher has to use physical force, so men work in the profession.

The amount of wages depends on qualifications, grade and enterprise. Professionals are relatively satisfied with wages. Many would like to be paid more. Wage, according to respondents, is from 15 thousand rubles a month.

Labor market.

According to the respondents, the profession of woodwork finisher will always be in demand, as “ wooden crafts are in demand: they are environmentally friendly, preserve the natural beauty of natural materials. "

Due to the specifics of the job, the demand for the profession is limited. A representative of this profession can find a job in any branch of the economy where it is necessary to carry out work on wood processing. The range of activities is wide; work at home is possible, individual labor activity... Workers can work in complex teams with joiners, carpenters, plasterers.

Professional risks: the work of the finisher is associated with machines and mechanisms, varnish and paints, so there is always a risk of a threat to health.

Section 30. Wood products finisher, 3rd grade

Description of the work. Application of varnish, levkas layers on baguette blocks of simple configuration, knots and furniture items by hand or by dipping. Application of mastic, wax, dye, primer, filler and putty for opaque finishing on large surfaces of parts, assemblies and products by hand, by dipping and spraying. Bringing the levkas mass to the required consistency according to the sequence of the applied layers. Preparation of templates for simple baguette profiles. Sanding of surfaces after priming, filling, filling and intermediate sanding of the lacquer film by hand or on various machine models. Dedusting the surfaces of the plates in a brushing machine before finishing them. Maintenance of the automatic device for loading plates into the brushing machine. Adjustment of the brush rollers to the thickness of the workpiece. Imitation of valuable wood species using a photomask method. Deresinization of the surface before finishing. Putty on pencil priming machines with wood defects. Installation of parts, assemblies and products on devices for drying lacquer film and monitoring the progress of the process in natural conditions.
Must know: technological process and modes of operations performed; principle of operation, rules of operation of the equipment and devices used; basic physical and mechanical properties of finishing materials and requirements for them; permissible sizes of baguette bars of simple configuration; levkas mass recipe; modes of drying levkas layers; ways to determine the readiness of the levkas mass.
Work examples
1. Barrels - enameling of the inner surface.
2. Bars of a baguette of a simple profile - applying levkas layers and bronzing.
3. Nuts, buttons, string holders musical instruments- grinding.
4. Details of wheelchairs, pins, stocks, butts and oval covers for training small arms, skis, seats and backs of chairs - varnishing.
5. Furniture panel parts - filling on machine tools.
6. Panel and bar parts for kitchen and children's furniture - puttying under an opaque finish in a spray booth.
7. Panel parts and furniture products - intermediate sanding of the varnish film.
8. Shoe pads - wax finish.
9. The bodies of violins, violas, cellos - varnishing.
10. Cases of TVs, receivers, radios - glossiness of all surfaces.
11. Stocks, butts of small arms repaired weapons - polishing to the required color of the old paint with the preparation of a composition for polishing.
12. Sheath of checkers - puttying and varnishing.
13. Furniture benches - dyeing.

From July 1, 2016, employers are required to apply professional standards if the requirements for the qualifications that an employee needs to perform a certain job function are established by the Labor Code, federal laws or other regulatory legal acts ( the federal law dated May 2, 2015 No. 122-FZ).
To search for approved professional standards of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, use

Unified tariff and qualification reference book of jobs and professions of workers (ETKS), 2019
Part No. 1 of issue No. 40 ETKS
The issue was approved by the Decree of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR, the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of 10.01.1985 N 7 / 2-13

Woodwork finisher

Section 28. Finisher of wood products of the 1st category

Description of works... Raising and pouring the levkas mass into the hopper of the machine, cleaning and rinsing the levkas machine.

Must know: methods of pouring gesso mass into the machine hopper.

Section 29. Finisher of wood products of the 2nd category

Description of works... Application of paint, mastic, wax, primer and filler on small surfaces of parts, assemblies and products by hand or by dipping. Wetting coated parts, assemblies and products to raise the pile before varnishing by electrostatic spraying. Putty on defective spots in baguette blocks. Intermediate manual grinding of baguette blanks after applying the levkas. Acceptance of baguette bars from the machine; rejection and stacking on drying racks.

Must know: wood species, its flaws and basic properties; applied Decoration Materials, their composition and concentration; technological processing modes.

Work examples

1. Barrels - painting of the outer surface.

2. Bars baguette - processing.

3. Construction parts (volumetric elements of construction) - painting.

4. Parts and assemblies for auto and transport construction, window and door blocks - priming, puttying, varnishing and painting.

5. Wooden toys - painting by dipping or spraying with a spray gun.

6. Heels - rubbing the putty by hand, priming, enamel or varnish.

7. Legs of furniture products - priming, applying dyes by dipping.

8. Skirting boards and layouts - priming, applying mastic, painting.

9. Resonators, under-reed bars for reed musical instruments - varnishing.

10. Chairs, drawer walls, lined panel board and block furniture parts - moistening.

11. Rods of clock pendulums - applying mastic by dipping.

12. Lower piano shields - priming of the inner surface.

Section 30. Wood products finisher of the 3rd category

Description of works... Application of varnish, levkas layers on baguette blocks of simple configuration, knots and furniture items by hand or by dipping. Application of mastic, wax, dye, primer, filler and putty for opaque finishing on large surfaces of parts, assemblies and products by hand, by dipping and spraying. Bringing the levkas mass to the required consistency according to the sequence of the applied layers. Preparation of templates for simple baguette profiles. Sanding of surfaces after priming, filling, filling and intermediate sanding of the lacquer film by hand or on various machine models. Dedusting the surfaces of the plates in a brushing machine before finishing them. Maintenance of the automatic device for loading plates into the brushing machine. Adjustment of the brush rollers to the thickness of the workpiece. Imitation of valuable wood species using a photomask method. Deresinization of the surface before finishing. Putty on pencil priming machines with wood defects. Installation of parts, assemblies and products on devices for drying lacquer film and monitoring the progress of the process in natural conditions.

Must know: technological process and modes of operations performed; principle of operation, rules of operation of the equipment and devices used; basic physical and mechanical properties of finishing materials and requirements for them; permissible sizes of baguette bars of simple configuration; levkas mass recipe; modes of drying levkas layers; ways to determine the readiness of the levkas mass.

Work examples

1. Barrels - enameling of the inner surface.

2. Bars of a baguette of a simple profile - applying levkas layers and bronzing.

3. Neck, buttons, string holders of bowed musical instruments - grinding.

4. Details of wheelchairs, pins, stocks, butts and oval covers for training small arms, skis, seats and backs of chairs - varnishing.

5. Furniture panel parts - filling on machine tools.

6. Panel and bar parts for kitchen and children's furniture - puttying under an opaque finish in a spray booth.

7. Panel parts and furniture products - intermediate sanding of the varnish film.

8. Shoe pads - wax finish.

9. The bodies of violins, violas, cellos - varnishing.

10. Cases of TVs, receivers, radios - glossiness of all surfaces.

11. Stocks, butts of small arms repaired weapons - polishing to the required color of the old paint with the preparation of a composition for polishing.

12. Sheath of checkers - puttying and varnishing.

13. Furniture benches - dyeing.

Section 31. Finisher of wood products of the 4th category

Description of works... Smoothing of varnish film in parts, units and furniture products, parts and baguette products on machine tools and by hand. Polishing and bronzing of complex molded parts and products. Application of levkas layers on baguette bars of complex configuration. Dry and wet sanding by hand or on a lacquer and enamel machine. Imitation of valuable wood species by airbrushing. Dyeing parts, assemblies and products with staining solutions in tones imitating valuable wood species, manually, by dipping and spraying. Whitening surfaces with various compounds. Refreshing, elimination of finishing defects in lacquered units and products. Setting up a gesso machine and eliminating minor malfunctions in its operation. Preparation of templates for complex baguette profiles.

Must know: state standards and specifications for finishing materials; design and purpose of finishing equipment, levkas machines, recording and regulating devices and measuring finishing tools; finishing defects and ways to eliminate them; rules for setting up gesso machines and devices.

Work examples

1. Bars of a baguette of a complex profile - bronzing and polishing.

3. Parts of the bodies of pianos and grand pianos - varnishing.

4. Furniture parts, TV and radio panel boxes - wet grinding of nitro-lacquer coatings and dry grinding of polyester coatings on machine tools.

5. Panel parts, units and furniture items, decorative furniture items - varnishing by spraying.

6. Covers of tables, TV cases - imitation of the texture of various types of wood by airbrushing.

7. Stocks, new butts and barrel linings of small arms - varnishing and polishing.

§ 32. Finisher of wood products of the 5th category

Description of works... Conducting the process of applying varnish to parts, assemblies and products by pouring on different equipment with conducting the drying process in installations of different designs. Grinding of varnish, enamel coatings and putty surfaces on wide-belt machines of various models. Manual polishing of parts and products on installations, lines and machines of various models. Refreshing the polished surface and removing oil from it. Repair of polished surfaces of furniture items. Compilation of stains, paints and colors. Artistic drawing on details for the background and imitation of the texture of valuable wood species by hand.

Must know: device, technical characteristics and the rules for the operation of wide-belt grinding machines, coating equipment and installations used, grinding materials and their main properties.

Work examples

1. Furniture details - polishing.

2. Details of plucked musical instruments - varnishing.

3. Details of panel board furniture - grinding of varnish coatings on wide-belt machines.

4. Details of panel board furniture - artistic tinting of the wood structure.

5. Fiber boards - grinding of enamel and putty coatings after drying.

Section 33. Finisher of wood products of the 6th category

Description of works... Conducting the process of varnishing parts, assemblies and products by electrostatic spraying on installations and lines. Polishing of units and products by hand, on installations, lines, machines of various models for the 1st category of furniture finishing. Artistic drawing on knots and products under the background and imitation of the texture of valuable wood species by hand. Commissioning and participation in current repair equipment.

Must know: device and rules for setting up serviced equipment; materials used for polishing and their properties.

Work examples

1. Chairs - electrostatic spray varnishing.

2. Units and furniture items - polishing.

3. Units and furniture items - artistic drawing.

The woodwork finisher is involved in the work required to give wood products an appropriate surface quality and appearance: painting, puttying, sanding, applying levkas, priming, coating with linseed oil, applying mastic, etc. He also works on finishing machines and finishing lines that automate these types of work, and adjusts and repairs these machines.

Depending on the category, the finisher of wood products performs the following functions according to ETKS:

3rd category: Application of varnish, gesso layers on baguette bars of simple configuration, knots and furniture products by hand or by dipping. Application of mastic, wax, dye, primer, filler and filler for opaque finishing on large surfaces of parts, assemblies and products by hand by dipping and spraying. Bringing the levkas mass to the required consistency according to the sequence of the applied layers. Preparation of templates for simple baguette profiles. Sanding of surfaces after priming, filling, filling and intermediate sanding of the lacquer film by hand or on machines. Dedusting surfaces, plates in a brush machine before finishing. Maintenance of the automatic device for loading plates into the brushing machine. Adjustment of the brush rollers to the thickness of the workpiece. Imitation of valuable wood species using a photomask method. Degumming of wood surfaces before finishing. Puttying on pencils with wood defects on priming machines. Installation of parts, assemblies and products on devices for drying lacquer film in natural conditions and monitoring the progress of drying. Removing overhangs of edging material along the length and width of the shield elements manually. Chamfering with sanding paper along the width of the board. Softening the edges. Straightening of defective spots, removing hot melt glue from the layers and edges of shield elements. Porous filling of the edges of panel elements, unprotected with edging material. Removal of defects with a solvent in the panel elements around the perimeter.

4th category: Management of lines for finishing joinery and building products. Leveling of varnish film of parts, units and furniture products, parts and baguette products on machine tools and manually. Polishing and bronzing of parts and products from a baguette of a complex profile. Application of levkas layers on baguette bars of complex configuration. Dry or wet sanding by hand or on lacquer and enamel machines. Imitation of valuable wood species by airbrushing. Dyeing parts, assemblies and products with staining solutions in tones imitating valuable wood species, manually, by spraying and dipping. Whitening surfaces with various compounds. Refreshing, elimination of finishing defects in lacquered units and products. Setting up a gesso machine and eliminating minor malfunctions in its operation. Preparation of templates for complex baguette profiles. Manual cleaning of varnish stains in parts, assemblies and furniture. Waxing of recesses in shields.

5th category: Management of the process of work on finishing lines, lines of grinding and polishing of lacquer film. Application of varnish to parts, assemblies and products by pouring on filling machines and drying it in installations of various designs. Grinding of varnish, enamel coatings and putty surfaces on wide-belt machines of various models. Manual polishing of parts and products on installations, lines and machines of various models. Refreshing the polished surface and removing oil from it. Repair of polished surfaces of furniture items. Compilation of stains, paints and colors. Artistic drawing on details for the background and imitation of the texture of valuable wood species by hand.

6th category: Varnishing of parts, assemblies and products by electrostatic spraying on installations and lines. Polishing of units and products by hand, on installations, lines, machines of various models for the 1st category of finishing furniture, export furniture and furniture for individual and special orders. Artistic drawing on knots and products under the background and imitation of the texture of valuable wood species by hand. Adjustment and participation in the current repair of equipment.