Handicraft has accompanied humanity at the most important stages of its development. But what is the position of craft activities today in the world and, in particular, in Russia? Unfortunately, both everyday and scientific ideas about the craft are now rather vague and contradictory. Someone considers it to be a kind of "rudiment" of the modern economy. And someone, on the contrary, defines it as a unique economic, social phenomenon that is characteristic and relevant for all eras. In the article, we will analyze in detail what is called a craft activity, what is its significance in the modern Russian Federation.

Origin of the word

"Craft" originally comes from the Old Russian word "workmanship". Close in meaning is also "handcrafts". It is closer in meaning to foreign ones: English. handicraft and it. handwerk.

"Craft" is the most modern sound of the word. So our ancestors began to speak only in the 17th century.

Modern definitions

Handicraft activity - engaging in any type of handicraft. It can be aimed at the production of products of labor, which are products of folk crafts, which are designed to meet the aesthetic, utilitarian, ritual and other kinds of needs of citizens.

Handicraft activity is a cultural and creative transformation of the surrounding reality that takes place in the conditions of alienation of labor, as well as the means of production from the subject carrying out such activities, as well as from functional restrictions associated with the delimitation of labor.

Handicraft is also defined as a system of social relations that appears in the process of production and sale of products made by small enterprises, family farms, where there is no functional division of labor. Here the means of production will be owned (or rented) from the producing entity. As a rule, products for all types of craft activities are made in small quantities. For the most part - as part of an individual order.

In such a system, both subjects of handicraft activity and handicraft agents will operate. Who is this? They are entities that provide various support for handicraft. For example, state, public, municipal, commercial, private organizations.

Classification

Consider the types of craft activities that exist today. They are divided depending on the results of the handicraft:

• Industrial relations that arise in the process of creating, selling any products of individual creativity. The latter can be unique samples and models, works of arts and crafts, author's developments, and so on.
• Industrial relations that arise during the creation and further sale of products designed to meet the needs of any specific citizens. Example: custom-made products.
• Industrial relations that arise in the process of creating and further selling items of small-scale production, which are sold by the piece. They, for example, can be goods for mass consumption.
• Industrial relations that arise in relation to the implementation of any consumer services. For example, housing and communal services.

Concept in other countries of the world

It should be noted that the implementation of craft activities is not unusual today for the leading countries of the world. Terms such as "handicraft", "artisan" are widely used in the national legislation of the countries of the same European Union, UN and WTO.

Let's analyze the international interpretation of the most important concepts:

• Handicraft enterprises. This is the name of small business structures (reminiscent of Russian individual entrepreneurs) that provide the population with services and goods necessary for arranging everyday life and a comfortable life. The purpose of such products is quite wide: from the improvement of the premises to changing the appearance of a person.
• Handicraft activity (in its foreign understanding). Complex labor activity(entrepreneurial and / or industrial), which is based on personal contribution, the work of the employee. In doing so, he applies his special knowledge, skills, uses well-known technologies and materials. Can use modern high-performance equipment and tools up to the automation of some parts, stages of the technological process.

In this context, handicraft production activities do not include those that result in any intellectual product / service.

What is not handicraft?

The list of types of craft activities also does not include some types of employment based on manual labor.

• An activity that does not require the performer to have any qualifications. For example, working as a janitor or loader.
• Activities related to transportation, use Vehicle... So, drivers, pilots will not be able to call themselves artisans.
• Activities that are related to the sale of not their own products, products. This is a job as a seller, packer, etc.
• Activities related to agricultural extractive industries. For example, a livestock breeder, prospector, field breeder, etc.
• Activities in the public sector of the economy. These are such niches as economics, education, communications, healthcare, culture, etc.
• All activities carried out in large and medium-sized enterprises. Handicraft is only the activity of small organizations (the average number of employees is from 15 to 100 people) and micro-enterprises (the average number of employees is up to 15 people), as well as individual entrepreneurs.

Crafts and economic sectors

The entire list of craft activities can be roughly divided into three sectors of the economy:

• Industry. For example, non-serial, small-scale production of art products.
• Construction.
• Housing and communal services, consumer services.

It should be noted that such a division of the list of craft activities was also relevant for pre-revolutionary Russia.

A special kind of activity

Handicraft is also defined as a special type of entrepreneurship in which it is the quality of the product or service that comes to the fore. Making a profit is a secondary result of such a business.

The artisan-individual entrepreneur is forced to focus on the local market. He must not only study his immediate environment, but also establish a trusting relationship with him. After all, these people will become its customers.

To achieve recognition, an artisan needs to flawlessly, conscientiously do his job, cultivate a high technological and industrial culture in his own enterprise.

As you know, the main motto of the business community is: "Profit is above all!" The position of artisans is fundamentally different: "Honor and good name are above all!"

Another feature of handicraft is that it combines quite diverse types of activities. Therefore, for example, in the Russian market, a craftsman is a worker of a new type.

Craftsman status

How to register a craft activity? The question is rather complicated in relation to the laws of the Russian Federation. Indeed, in our country, no legislation has been introduced to regulate handicrafts. The only possible option is to register an individual entrepreneur or to establish an LLC.

The problem also rests on the ambiguous status of the artisan:

• Highly classified worker.
• A technologist who manages the entire process of producing our own products.
• An entrepreneur who works in direct contact with consumers of his own products. He possesses all the competencies that are important for a business person - legal, economic, communication.

Education and training of specialists

It has already been noted that the law on the implementation of handicraft activities by individuals is still only being discussed in Russia. Therefore, the question of training specialists of a new type has not yet been raised. Since the status of a craftsman is diverse, the organization of training for specialists in this area requires a special approach. Radically different in methodology, structure and content from the same training of highly qualified workers.

The following is imperatively required:

• Updated educational programs, which will be supplemented with blocks of competencies focused on the formation of important professional qualities of an entrepreneur-artisan.
• A special organizational-methodological and scientific-methodological knowledge base.
• Creation of a qualitatively new level of education - professional handicraft.

Handicraft problems in the Russian Federation

A craft tax, for example, has been introduced in the neighboring republic of Belarus. But for the Russian Federation, it is not yet relevant - in our country legislation on handicrafts has not been adopted.

This type of activity faces certain development difficulties in the Russian Federation:

• Misunderstanding and underestimation of the role and significance of modern handicrafts by most of the society.
• The majority of the population mean by handicraft only folk crafts, art products.
• Lack of both a legislative framework and professional standards for handicrafts.
• The above factor does not allow organizing high-quality training of entrepreneurs-artisans.

Preparation of legislation

Fees for the implementation of craft activities in Russia have not yet been introduced. The fact is that in the Russian Federation there is still no legislation regulating such employment.

But the matter does not stand still. The project "New Craftsmen of Russia" was created. He was supported by the head of the ASI National Council (transcript - Agency for Strategic Initiatives), President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin. He recommended the project for implementation in 2012.

The goal of "New Craftsmen" is to develop a legislative framework for the legitimization of craft activities in the Russian Federation. By developing such federal legislation, it will become possible to form a qualitatively new type, level of education, that is, the training of entrepreneurs-artisans.

As a result, young people will have new opportunities due to the development of the craft niche of the economy, the emergence of new topical professions on the market. The implementation of the project will launch the process of developing professional standards, educational programs, which will expand the possibilities of personal realization of the population.

Necessary measures

The complexity of the project "New Craftsmen" lies in the fact that its implementation requires the following measures:

• An introduction for artisans of a special tax regime with simplified registration and reporting.
• Development and adoption of a federal target program for a dozen years, related to the support of handicrafts in the Russian Federation.
• Development of educational and professional standards.
• An introduction for this area of ​​honorary, honorable mentions. For example, "Honored Craftsman of the Russian Federation".
• Establishment of a special procedure for the participation of subjects of such activities as suppliers, performers, contractors.
• Organization of regional, all-Russian competitions, which will help to identify the best, promising masters.

Craftsmanship can be called one of the most ancient types of human employment. It does not lose its relevance to this day in many leading states. In Russia, today there is no legislation regulating such activities. But work is already underway on a project that will establish a new status for a craftsman.

In contact with

The guide is dedicated to Russian crafts; each craft is described separately.

Articles on the topics you need can be found in the subheadings:

What is craft

In short, it is manual labor, work and skill that is used to earn a living. It is difficult to imagine humanity without craft activities.

The concept of a craft is multifaceted. Some believe that the creation of works of art is no longer a craft. Others - consider the profession, say, an artist or icon painter, poet or actor as a craft.

, CC BY-SA 3.0

One way or another, in any business you can achieve artistic and professional heights, but any professional business begins with a simple necessity, then the skill of an artisan is achieved, and only then it can turn into a large-scale production of whether to glorify an individual master who has reached perfection.

Guide to Russian Crafts, CC BY-SA 3.0

There are many examples of this among the peoples of Russia. Our lacquer miniatures, trays, Abramtsevo-Kudrinsky carvings and much more can be safely attributed to works of art.

Of course, in the craft, a lot depends on personal skill.

In one of the dictionaries we read:

“Typical for Russia are: the use of simple tools of labor, the decisive importance of the personal skill of the artisan, the individual nature of production (the artisan works alone or with a limited number of assistants).”

Guide to Russian Crafts, CC BY-SA 3.0

For what and why

The history of the craft goes back to the beginning of human production activity, has passed a long historical path of development, taking various forms:

• household craft - in a subsistence economy
• craft to order - in the conditions of decomposition of the subsistence economy
• craft to market

The development and formation of handicrafts was greatly influenced by climate, geographical location, political and historical factors.

Handicrafts and crafts of the Nizhny Novgorod province. Production of large weight rocker arms. Village "Krasnaya Ramen", Semyonovskiy district. 1896 year Unidentified photographer of the late 19th century, CC BY-SA 3.0

For example, Byzantium enriched the world with Orthodox culture, which in turn had a significant impact on the development of Russian crafts.

The development of a professional craft, especially in cities, led to the emergence of a new sphere of production and a new social stratum - urban artisans.

Guide to Russian Crafts, CC BY-SA 3.0

The ritualism had a great influence on the spread and development of handicrafts.

In the 19th century, Russia began to think more and more about creating a "Russian style", which was also supported by the tsarist government.

In 1904 Polenov created the House of Folk Art, in 1913 the First Fair of Folk Crafts was held. By the way, then the tsarist government found money to pay the way for artisans to this exhibition.

Guide to Russian Crafts, CC BY-SA 3.0

In the early 1920s, the development of handicraft folk crafts continued, but in the 1930s they were finished. Their revival began only in 1968, when the corresponding decree of the party was issued and the corresponding organizations were created. But much has already been lost.

Revival

In our time, there is an active revival of the crafts and trades of the peoples of Russia. There are many examples of this: according to old engravings, thanks to Alexander Anatolyevich Baukin, it was revived; Alexander Nikolaevich, together with art critic Viktor Yakovlevich, revived; in Odoyev, fishing was revived.

Photo gallery

Synonyms

• class
• profession
• speciality
• skill
• handwheel
• needlework
• Minerva
• fishing
• skill
• vocation
• banauzia

Minerva

In Roman mythology - the goddess of wisdom, art, patroness of artists and artisans. Therefore, this word can be synonymous with the word "craft".

Banausia

Greek banausia is a craft, science or art as a craft.

Proverbs

There are many proverbs and sayings related to the craft among the people:

You won't be lost with craft.

Every craft is honest, except for theft, and theft is not a grain trade.

The craft is the golden breadwinner.

The craft is not a rocker - it will not pull the shoulders.

“When in business - I hide from fun,

When fooling around - fooling around. And mixing these two crafts

There is a darkness of artisans

I'm not one of them. "

A. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit"

Crafts in our time

The words are often heard that "crafts die and are forgotten." This is not true. Of course, some species simply disappear as unnecessary, for example, the production of goose feathers, which no one writes for a long time. But in general, interest in folk arts and crafts is growing from year to year.

There are many educational institutions in Russia where you can get professional craft education.

National wealth

Vasnetsov, Bilibin, Vrubel, Surikov studied the Russian national style, preserved in embroidery ornaments, folk costumes, patterns and forms of products of village craftsmen.

The artists saw in this the national wealth of Russia, what made the Russians different from other peoples. This contributed to an unprecedented surge in the development of our art, expeditions began to be held, museums were opened, and fairs were held.

PROJECT

CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Subject of regulation of this Federal Law
This Federal Law regulates relations arising between state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies in the field of craft activities, determines the relationship between subjects of craft activities, craft organizations, forms and types of state support for subjects of craft activities.

Article 2. Normative legal regulation in the field of craft activities
Normative legal regulation of relations in the field of craft activities in the Russian Federation is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and is carried out by this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with them, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of local governments, as well as international regulatory legal acts recognized by the Russian Federation.

Article 3. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law
For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts are used:
handicraft activity - a type of industrial and / or entrepreneurial activity for the production of goods (works, services) in small batches, including for individual orders, using special knowledge, skills, technologies, including high-performance equipment;
subjects of craft activities - craft enterprises carrying out craft activities, artisan entrepreneurs and artisans;
handicraft enterprise - a legal entity (state or municipal unitary enterprise, business partnership or economic society) that carries out handicraft activities and is included in the Handicraft Register;
artisan-entrepreneur - an individual with professional qualifications in the field of craft activities, confirmed by a document of the established form or another document recognized by the Russian Federation, entered in the Crafts Register and in the unified state register of individual entrepreneurs, carrying out entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity;
artisan - an individual who has professional qualifications in the field of craft activities, confirmed by a document of the established form or other document recognized by the Russian Federation, entered in the Crafts Register and carrying out craft activities as a worker under an employment agreement (contract) with a craftsman-entrepreneur or at a craft enterprise ;
master artisan - an artisan (artisan-entrepreneur) who has received a document of the established form or another document recognized by the Russian Federation on the assignment of the professional qualification “master-artisan”, who has the right to teach his craft to apprentices-artisans and who has the right to use a personal mark (stamp) ;
apprentice artisan - an individual who is mastering an educational program in one of the types of craft activities (profession) in an educational institution, or in the form of self-education (individual training) with a master craftsman;
stamp - a personal mark (seal) applied by a master craftsman to products made by him;
craft organizations (craft chambers, unions, associations, leagues, guilds, etc.) - non-governmental, non-profit organizations uniting subjects of craft activities and other individuals and legal entities, with the aim of developing subjects of craft activities;
craft chamber - a non-profit self-regulating craft organization that unites subjects of craft activities on a territorial basis;
craft guild - a professional association of artisans and artisans-entrepreneurs of a certain type of craft activity (profession), as a rule, created at craft chambers;
infrastructure for supporting subjects of craft activities - a set of craft organizations, as well as organizations (enterprises) carrying out scientific, industrial, financial, information, consulting, educational and other activities in order to facilitate the production and / or entrepreneurial activities of subjects of craft activities;
federal (regional, municipal) programs for the development of subjects of craft activities - regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation (subjects of the Russian Federation, local authorities), which determine the lists of measures aimed at achieving the goals of state policy in the development of craft activities, and carried out in the Russian Federation (constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities), indicating the volume and sources of their funding, the performance of the executive authorities of the corresponding level (local self-government) responsible for the implementation of these measures;
support for subjects of craft activities - the activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation (subjects of the Russian Federation, local governments) and the functioning of the infrastructure for supporting subjects of craft activities aimed at implementing measures provided for by federal (regional, municipal) programs for the development of subjects of craft activities.

CHAPTER II. INSTITUTIONAL FEATURES AND DEVELOPMENT
TRADE ACTIVITIES
AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS

Article 4. Institutional characteristics of craft activities and subjects of craft activities
4.1. Handicraft activity is a form of small and medium-sized businesses, and subjects of handicraft activities (except for artisans) are categories of small and medium-sized businesses (Article 23 of Federal Law No. 209-FZ "On the Development of Small and Medium Business in the Russian Federation").
4.2. Handicraft activities are carried out in the following sectors of the public economy: Agriculture, industry (including the production of art products), construction, housing and communal services, consumer services.
4.3. Industrial and / or entrepreneurial activity, the result of which is an intellectual product (service), does not apply to craft activities.
4.4. The list of types of craft activities is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. This list can be revised towards an increase in the number of types of craft activities.
4.5. The subjects of craft activities include craft enterprises and artisan entrepreneurs who meet the following conditions:
the average number of employees for the previous calendar year should not exceed one hundred people inclusive;
at least 25% of the employees of an economic entity are artisans (the norm comes into force on 01.01.2015);
at least 50% of the total volume of manufactured goods (works, services) are produced through the implementation of craft activities;
proceeds from the sale of goods (works, services) excluding value added tax or the book value of assets (residual value of fixed assets and intangible assets) for the previous calendar year must not exceed the limit values ​​established by the Government of the Russian Federation for each category of small and medium-sized businesses ;
for legal entities (except for state and municipal unitary enterprises) - the total share of participation of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities, foreign legal entities, foreign citizens, public and religious organizations (associations), charitable and other foundations in the authorized (joint) capital (mutual fund) of these legal entities should not exceed twenty-five percent, the participation share owned by one or more legal entities that are not small and medium-sized businesses should not exceed twenty-five percent.
4.6. Criteria for classifying newly registered artisans-entrepreneurs or newly created craft enterprises as subjects of craft activities, determining the average number of workers in a craft enterprise, calculating proceeds from the sale of goods (works, services) for a calendar year and the book value of assets (residual value of fixed assets and intangible assets) craft enterprises are determined in accordance with Art. 4 of Federal Law No. 209-FZ "On the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in the Russian Federation".
4.7. Federal statistical observations of the activities of subjects of craft activities (except for artisans) as an integral part of small and medium-sized businesses are carried out in accordance with Art. 5 of Federal Law No. 209-FZ “On the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in the Russian Federation”.

Article 5. Chamber of Crafts of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation
5.1. Subjects of craft activities, craft organizations and other individuals and legal entities, with the aim of developing craft activities, have the right to create in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation a self-regulating craft organization in the form of a non-profit partnership - the craft chamber of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
5.2. The Chamber of Crafts of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation is organized with the aim of creating favorable conditions for the implementation of craft activities, the formation of an infrastructure to support subjects of craft activities on the territory of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the development of trade and economic relations of subjects of craft activities with entrepreneurs from foreign countries.
5.3. The Chamber of Crafts of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation carries out its activities within the framework of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the provisions of this Federal Law, the Federal Law "On Non-Commercial Organizations", other legislative and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, and its charter.
5.4. In each subject of the Russian Federation, only one craft chamber of the subject of the Russian Federation can be created.
5.5. The Chamber of Crafts of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercises the following powers:
1) represents the interests of subjects of craft activities and craft organizations in government bodies and public organizations of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;
2) participates in the development of draft laws, regulatory legal acts and programs in the field of the development of craft activities at the level of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;
3) provides legal assistance, represents and protects the interests of subjects of craft activities and craft organizations in the courts on issues related to the implementation of craft activities;
4) to resolve minor economic disputes between subjects of craft activities, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, organizes the work of arbitration courts;
5) provides information services to subjects of craft activities and craft organizations;
6) maintains the Register of Crafts;
7) assists educational institutions and craft organizations in resolving issues vocational education and professional training of artisans, creates its own educational units, expert and educational councils, qualification commissions;
8) carries out the certification procedure and the assignment of the professional qualification "master craftsman", carries out the procedure for registering and issuing the personal stigma of the master craftsman;
9) apply, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, to award artisans and artisans-entrepreneurs with honorary titles, state and industry awards;
9) organizes exhibitions, seminars, master classes, competitions and other events in the field of craft activities;
10) within the limits of its competence, conclude agreements with the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies on mutual obligations to support and develop craft activities;
11) exercise other powers determined by this Federal Law.
5.6. The Chamber of Crafts of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation has the right to establish its branches and representative offices in the municipalities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
5.7. At the Chamber of Commerce of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, craft guilds are created, which are a professional association of artisans and artisans-entrepreneurs of one type of craft activity (profession).
5.8. Crafting guilds exercise the following powers in accordance with the profile of craft activities:
1) develop the necessary regulatory and technical documentation on professional activities and professional qualifications;
2) participate in the final certification of trainees in craft professions in educational institutions (centers) as part of the certification (expert) commission;
3) participate in the work of certification commissions for the assignment of the professional qualification "master craftsman".

Article 6. Russian Chamber of Crafts
6.1. The Chamber of Crafts of Russia is a non-governmental, non-profit organization that provides coordination of the activities of the chambers of crafts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, subjects of craft activities and other craft organizations, with the aim of the all-round development of craft activities in the Russian Federation.
6.2. The Chamber of Crafts of Russia carries out its activities within the framework of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the provisions of this Federal Law, the Federal Law "On Non-Commercial Organizations", other legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation, and its charter.
6.3. The founders of the Chamber of Crafts of Russia may be craft organizations, subjects of craft activities, and other individuals and legal entities interested in the development of craft activities.
6.4. The Chamber of Crafts of Russia exercises the following powers:
1) carries out representative functions on behalf of subjects of craft activities, craft organizations in federal government bodies, in Russian and international public organizations;
2) participates in the formation of state policy in the field of craft activities, the development of draft regulatory legal acts, projects, programs of the federal level on issues of craft activities;
3) develops and approves the approximate charter of the craft chamber of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;
4) organizes the development of: professional standards and certification systems for handicraft activities, incl. certification procedures and the assignment of the professional qualification “master craftsman”; model training and retraining programs for handicraft professions; the procedure for registering and issuing a personal stamp of a master craftsman;
5) develops and adopts recommendations, rules, methodological and instructional materials aimed at improving and improving the quality of craft activities;
6) organizes professional training and retraining of management personnel in the field of craft activities, if necessary, creates educational institutions for these purposes in accordance with the current legislation;
7) creates an all-Russian educational and methodological council for craft professions;
8) organizes the holding of all-Russian forums on the development of craft activities;
9) within the limits of its competence, conclude agreements with the state authorities of the Russian Federation on mutual obligations to support and develop craft activities;
10) performs other functions stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
6.5. The Chamber of Crafts of Russia can engage in entrepreneurial activity due to the need to fulfill its statutory tasks.

Article 7. Craft register
7.1. Subjects of craft activities, in accordance with the requirements of this Law, after being entered in the unified state register of legal entities (in the unified state register of individual entrepreneurs), are included in the craft register without fail.
7.2. The inclusion of subjects of craft activities in craft registers is not associated with their membership in any craft organization or association.
7.3. The chambers of crafts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation maintain craft registers of subjects of craft activities registered (residing) in this constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The procedure for creating and maintaining craft registers is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
7.4. The craft register of subjects of craft activities is created in order to:
1) registration of subjects of craft activities;
2) storing information about subjects of craft activities;
3) collection and analysis of information on the sales market for goods (works, services) produced by subjects of craft activities;
4) obtaining analytical information on the trends and prospects for the development of craft activities in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the adoption of federal (regional, municipal) programs for the support and development of subjects of craft activities.
7.5. The craft register must contain the following information about the subjects of craft activities:
1) for craft enterprises (legal entities):
a) electronic copies of the certificate of state registration, charter, constituent agreement (for business partnerships and companies), trademark (if any);
b) surname, name, patronymic, date of birth and citizenship of the head;

d) a list of equipment (technologies) used, the number of jobs;
e) information about workers, artisans and craftsmen (surname, name, patronymic; qualification documents giving the right to workers to carry out craft activities);
f) date of registration in the Crafts Register;
2) for artisans-entrepreneurs (individuals):

b) electronic copies of the certificate of state registration, personal stamp (if any);
c) the type (s) of craft activities in which the entrepreneur is engaged;
d) qualification documents of a craftsman-entrepreneur, giving the right to conduct craft activities of this type (types);
e) a list of equipment (technologies) used, the number of jobs;
f) information (if any) about workers, artisans and craftsmen (surname, name, patronymic; qualification documents giving the right to workers to carry out craft activities);
g) date of registration in the Crafts Register;
3) for artisans (individuals):
a) surname, name, patronymic, age; for persons who are disabled of groups 1 and 2 - the surname, name, patronymic of the legal representative or guardian;
a) an electronic copy of the personal stamp (if any);
c) type (s) of craft activities;
e) qualification documents giving the right to conduct craft activities;
f) date of registration in the Crafts Register.

Article 8. Peculiarities of teaching handicraft professions
8.1. Professional education, training and retraining in handicraft activities (professions) is carried out in accordance with the law of the Russian Federation "On Education in the Russian Federation", this Federal Law, and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
8.2. Vocational education, training and retraining in craft activities (professions) can be carried out:
1) in organizations carrying out educational activities(colleges, technical schools, lyceums, training and production and training centers, training and production centers, schools of rare professions, educational units of craft chambers, etc.) that implement professional educational programs of a craft profile of the appropriate level;
2) in the form of self-education (in the order of individual training from a master craftsman).
8.3. Handicraft associations and organizations, as well as subjects of handicraft activity, artisans have the right to participate in the development of professional standards, professional educational programs, as well as standard training and retraining programs in handicraft specialties and professions.
8.4. When held in educational institutions of the final certification of trainees in craft professions, the certification commission includes representatives of the craft chamber located in this constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Article 9. Peculiarities of inheritance of craft activities
The Government of the Russian Federation is developing and approving a special procedure for the inheritance of craft activities.

Article 10. Levels of qualifications and honorary titles in the field of craft activities
10.1. In the Russian Federation, a unified classification of the levels of professional qualifications is being introduced by handicraft types of activity: master-artisan, artisan, apprentice-artisan.
10.2. The qualification requirements for the levels of qualifications for craft activities are established by the relevant professional standards in the manner approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
10.3. The Government of the Russian Federation is developing and approving a regulation on honorary titles in the field of craft activities: "Master Craftsman of Russia" and "Honored Craftsman of Russia".
10.4. The constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to introduce their own honorary titles and awards in the field of craft activities.

CHAPTER III. IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE POLICY
IN THE SPHERE OF TRAFFIC ACTIVITIES

Article 11. The main goals and principles of state policy in the field of craft activities in the Russian Federation
11.1. The state policy in the field of craft activities in the Russian Federation is part of the state socio-economic policy and is a set of legal, political, economic, social, informational, consulting, educational, organizational and other measures carried out by the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities Of the Russian Federation, local authorities and aimed at ensuring the implementation of the goals and principles established by this Federal Law.
11.2. The main goals of the state policy in the field of craft activities in the Russian Federation are:
1) revival and preservation of centuries-old traditions of craft activities and entrepreneurship;
2) creation of legal, economic, social and other conditions for stimulating creative initiative, support and development of all subjects of craft activities;
3) an increase in the number of subjects of craft activities in order to create a competitive environment in the economy of the Russian Federation;
4) creation of favorable conditions for the development of competitiveness of subjects of craft activities;
5) rendering assistance to subjects of craft activity in promoting the goods (works, services) produced by them on the market of the Russian Federation and the markets of foreign states;
6) ensuring employment and self-employment of the population;
7) an increase in the share of goods (works, services) produced by subjects of handicraft activity in the volume of gross domestic product;
8) an increase in the share of taxes paid by subjects of craft activities in tax revenues of the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets.
11.3. The main principles of state policy in the field of craft activities in the Russian Federation are:
1) differentiation of powers to support subjects of craft activities between federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies;
2) the responsibility of federal bodies of state power, bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies of local self-government for ensuring favorable conditions for the development of craft activities;
3) participation of representatives of subjects of craft activities and representatives of other organizations expressing the interests of subjects of craft activities in the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of development of craft activities, examination of draft regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, legal acts of local governments regulating the development of craft activities;
11.4) ensuring equal access for subjects of craft activities to receive support in accordance with the conditions for its provision, established by federal (regional, municipal) programs for the development of craft activities.

Article 12. Features of the legal regulation of the development of craft activities in the Russian Federation
12.1. In order to implement the state policy for the development of craft activities in the Russian Federation, federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation may provide for the following measures:
1) special tax regimes, simplified rules for maintaining tax accounting, simplified forms of tax returns for individual taxes and fees for subjects of craft activities;
2) a simplified accounting system, a simplified procedure for compiling statistical reports by subjects of craft activities;
4) preferential procedure for payments for state and municipal property privatized by subjects of handicraft activity (except for artisans);
5) the specifics of the participation of subjects of craft activities as suppliers (performers, contractors) in order to place orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services for state and municipal needs;
6) measures to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of subjects of craft activities in the implementation of state control (supervision);
7) measures to ensure financial support for subjects of craft activities;
8) measures to develop the infrastructure to support the subjects of craft activities;
9) other measures aimed at ensuring the implementation of the goals and principles of this Federal Law.

Article 13. Powers of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies on the development of craft activities
13.1. The powers of the state authorities of the Russian Federation on the development of craft activities include:
1) the formation and implementation of state policy in the development of craft activities;
2) determination of principles, priority directions, forms and types of support for subjects of craft activities;
3) development and implementation of federal programs for the development of subjects of craft activities;
4) determination of the main financial, economic, social and other indicators of the development of craft activities and the infrastructure for supporting subjects of craft activities for the long, medium and short term on the basis of forecasts of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation;
5) the creation of coordinating or advisory bodies in the field of the development of craft activities under the federal executive authorities, endowed with separate powers on the development of craft activities within their competence;
6) the formation of a unified information system in order to implement the state policy in the field of the development of craft activities;
7) financing of research and development work on the development of craft activities at the expense of the federal budget;
8) assistance to the activities of all-Russian non-profit organizations expressing the interests of subjects of craft activities;
9) popularization of craft activities at the expense of the federal budget;
10) making changes and additions to the list of types of craft activities;
11) support of regional programs for the development of subjects of craft activities;
12) representation in international organizations, cooperation with foreign states and administrative-territorial entities of foreign states in the development of craft activities;
13) organization of official statistical accounting of subjects of craft activities, determination of the procedure for conducting selective statistical observations of the activities of subjects of craft activities in the Russian Federation;
14) annual preparation of a report on the state and development of craft activities in the Russian Federation and measures for its development, including a report on the use of federal budget funds for state support of subjects of craft activities, analysis of financial, economic, social and other indicators of the development of subjects of craft activities, assessing the effectiveness of the application of measures for its development, forecasting the development of craft activities in the Russian Federation, and publishing this report in the media;
15) methodological support of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies and assistance to them in the development and implementation of measures for the development of craft activities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and in the territories of municipalities.
16) the establishment of the procedure for maintaining craft registers, as well as the establishment of requirements for technological, software, linguistic, legal and organizational means of ensuring the use of these registers.
13.2. The powers of the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the development of craft activities include:
1) participation in the implementation of state policy in the development of craft activities;
2) development and implementation of regional and inter-municipal programs for the development of subjects of craft activities, taking into account national and regional socio-economic, environmental, cultural and other characteristics;
3) assistance to the activities of non-profit organizations expressing the interests of subjects of craft activities, and structural divisions of these organizations;
4) financing of research and development work on the development of craft activities at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
5) assistance in the development of interregional cooperation of subjects of craft activities;
6) popularization of craft activities at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
7) support of municipal programs for the development of subjects of craft activities;
8) cooperation with international organizations and administrative-territorial entities of foreign states on the development of craft activities;
9) analysis of financial, economic, social and other indicators of the development of craft activities and the effectiveness of the application of measures for its development, forecast of the development of craft activities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
10) formation of an infrastructure for supporting subjects of craft activities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and ensuring its activities;
11) methodological support of local self-government bodies and assistance to them in the development and implementation of measures for the development of craft activities in the territories of municipalities;
12) the formation of coordination or advisory bodies in the field of the development of craft activities by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
13.3. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation may delegate, in the manner prescribed by law, certain powers for the development of craft activities to local governments.
13.4. The powers of local governments on the development of craft activities include the creation of conditions for the development of craft activities, including:
1) the formation and implementation of municipal programs for the development of subjects of craft activities, taking into account national and local socio-economic, environmental, cultural and other characteristics;
2) analysis of financial, economic, social and other indicators of the development of craft activities and the effectiveness of the application of measures for its development, forecast of the development of craft activities in the territories of municipalities;
3) the formation of an infrastructure for supporting subjects of craft activities in the territories of municipalities and ensuring its activities;
4) assistance to the activities of non-profit organizations expressing the interests of subjects of craft activities, and structural divisions of these organizations;
5) the formation of coordination or advisory bodies in the field of the development of craft activities by local governments.

Article 14. Coordination or advisory bodies for the development of craft activities
14.1. The Government of the Russian Federation, within the limits of its powers and in order to ensure the combination of the interests of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the development of craft activities, coordinates the activities of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the implementation by them of measures of federal programs for the development of subjects of craft activities.
14.2. In the event that the Chamber of Crafts of Russia applies to the heads of federal executive bodies, endowed with separate powers on the development of craft activities within their competence, with a proposal to create coordinating or advisory bodies under these bodies in the field of development of craft activities, the heads of these federal bodies of state power are obliged to consider the issue on the creation of such coordinating or advisory bodies. The heads of federal executive bodies shall notify such non-profit organizations in writing about the decision taken on this issue.

Handicraft activity in the Republic of Belarus does not belong to entrepreneurial activity, however, it has its own peculiarities of implementation, which will be discussed in detail in the article.

Handicraft activity is a non-entrepreneurial activity of individuals in the manufacture and sale of goods, performance of work, provision of services using manual labor and the tool, carried out independently, without the involvement of individuals under labor and (or) civil law contracts, unless otherwise provided by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated 09.10.2017 No. 364 "On the implementation of craft activities by individuals", and aimed at satisfying household needs of citizens.

To carry out craft activities, there is no need to register as an individual entrepreneur.

Handicraft activities are carried out according to the applicant's principle.

The following restrictions apply to craft activities:

• it is prohibited to attract individuals under labor and (or) civil law contracts,
• it is prohibited to carry out craft activities without registering with the tax authority and paying a fee for the implementation of craft activities,
• it is prohibited to use automated equipment in work, the exception is a device, mechanism, machine tool, other equipment intended for the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services), without the use of which it is not possible to carry out craft activities.
• it is prohibited to use the tusks or tusks of an elephant, hippo, walrus, narwhal and wild boar, rhino horns, teeth of all animals, as well as precious metals and stones when carrying out activities.

TYPES OF TRAFFIC ACTIVITIES

• 1. manufacture and repair:
• saddlery products;
• horse-drawn carts, sleighs and children's sleds;
• fishing tackle and fishing gear;
• 2. production and repair of items and their parts for personal (household) needs of citizens from wire, twine, synthetic tape, tin, clay, plant materials of local origin, including wood;
• 3. manufacture, installation and repair structures, inventory and accessories for keeping birds, animals, bees;
• 4. blacksmithing;
• 5. manufacture of hand-knitted products;
• 6. production of hand-weaving products, as well as products made in patchwork technique;
• 7. Lace, macrame;
• 8. production of yarn;
• 9. Manufacturing of hand-made embroidery products;
• 10. weaving with beads;
• 11.Art processing and painting wood, stone, bone, horn, metal, tin, glass, ceramics, plywood;
• 12.making handicrafts(kitchen utensils, toys, interior dolls, decorative panels, caskets, cigarette cases, snuff boxes, ashtrays, piggy banks, candlesticks, door handles, details and items of furniture decoration, key rings, key holders, wallets, gloves, mittens, belts, jewelry, bracelets, hair ornaments, combs, combs, decorative additions to clothes , figurines, vases, pots and pots for flowers, lathe figured products, Easter eggs, eggs, souvenirs (including magnetic ones), Christmas tree decorations, photo frames, picture frames, decorative slats, covers, phone cases, tablet and glasses, wedding accessories);
• 13. manufacture of products from felted wool;
• 14. binding of pages provided by the consumer;
• 15.making candles;
• 16. making colors and compositions, including from plant materials of local origin (with the exception of compositions from fresh flowers);
• 17.making small items from glass, natural and polymer clay, wood, natural resin and their use to create jewelry, decorate clothes;
• 18.making national Belarusian costume (its details) with the preservation of the traditional cut and embroidery;
• 19.making greeting cards, albums for photographs, folders without the use of printing and printing equipment;
• 20.production agricultural and horticultural tools or parts thereof, sharpening and repair of cutlery and tools;
• 21. manufacturing art products made of paper and papier-mâché;
• 22. manufacturing national musical instruments in non-factory conditions;
• 23. production of stained-glass windows;
• 24.Decoration items provided by the consumer;
• 25. manufacturing glazed and unglazed stove tiles, decorative tiles and panel-inserts, tiled cornices made of natural clay by hand filling or pouring into plaster molds, pressing, hand mandrel, decoration, glazing;
• 26. making soap;
• 27. guilloche;
• 28. other activities for the creation of objects of creativity, as well as activities carried out with the use of manual labor, with the exception of activities that are not related to entrepreneurial activities, in the implementation of which a single tax is paid from individual entrepreneurs and other individuals.

BEGINNING OF TRAINING ACTIVITIES

To carry out craft activities, you must apply to the tax authority at your place of residence with an application.

It is also necessary to draw up and register with the tax inspectorate a register of audits, such an obligation is provided for by the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated March 18, 2010 No. 383.

TRADE TAXES

The amount of the fee for the implementation of craft activities (regardless of the number of types of these activities carried out) is 1 base amount per calendar year.

The tax period for the levy for the implementation of craft activities is recognized as calendar year.

In the case of the commencement of the implementation of craft activities, the fee is paid before the commencement of the implementation of the activity, subsequently - no later than the 28th. last month the current calendar year.

The payment of the fee for the implementation of craft activities replaces the payment of income tax from individuals and the single tax from individual entrepreneurs and other individuals in terms of income received from the implementation of craft activities.

SALE OF GOODS MANUFACTURED BY A CRAFTSMAN

Craftsmen can sell their goods in the following ways:

• sale at trade places at markets, fairs and (or) in other places established by local executive and administrative bodies,
• sale in the premises used for the manufacture of goods,
• implementation using the global computer network Internet,
• implementation by sending by post, including international,
• delivery to the address indicated by the consumer by any type of transport,
• implementation on the basis of civil law contracts concluded with legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.

The artisan is also the manufacturer of the goods, so it is advisable to set the service life for certain goods. When selling goods, an artisan does not have to provide certificates or declarations of conformity of goods to technical normative legal acts. At the same time, artisans must ensure the safety of their goods, works and services.

MATERIAL PREPARED AS OF 09/06/2018

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