The presence of gentle slopes at the entrances provides people with limited mobility with free access to residential and public buildings on an equal basis with healthy people. Therefore, such structures must create all the necessary conditions for free access without any restrictions.

According to existing standards, every public building must have at least one entrance equipped with a special inclined surface, called a ramp, for the passage of wheelchairs.

In recent years, in the Russian Federation, these issues have received much attention from legislative structures. The adopted legislative standards contain articles requiring the mandatory construction of special structures and structures to enable the movement of people in wheelchairs.

Existing types of ramps

According to the design options for installation, all gentle slopes can be divided into stationary and removable, intended for temporary use. Stationary structures can have a permanent fixed or folding structure. Fixed ramps for disabled people in public buildings are installed at entrances, ascents to the first floor and in common areas.

Folding systems are used in entrances or other staircases of small width and length. In these cases, rotary ramp sheets or frames are installed vertically against the wall, secured with a latch and lowered into working position only when it is necessary for a disabled person to pass.

Telescopic ramp.

Removable models are used as mobile ramps for installation anywhere if necessary. The three most common portable design versions are:

1. telescopic ramps for disabled people, adjustable in length;
2. folding ramps, characterized by greater weight;
3. roll-foldable roll-up ramps that easily fit in the trunk of a car.

Ramp.

As a separate type, mention should be made of retractable structures installed on public transport. Such a device can be activated by simply pressing a button, or it can be done by the driver of the vehicle from his seat.

Roll ramp.

Designs of stationary descents

A permanently installed ramp for wheelchairs is a building structure made of concrete, stone materials or metal that has a flat surface with a standard angle of inclination. At the top and bottom points of such a structure there are horizontal platforms for a possible stop after descent or ascent. They greatly facilitate the process of using an inclined driveway.

The requirements of the rules and regulations determine the installation of ramps in all cases of discrepancy between the horizontal lines of adjacent surfaces by more than 50 mm. If the height difference is more than 200 mm, the structure must consist of three main elements:

1. upper horizontal platform;
2. inclined descent for moving;
3. bottom platform or a flat adjacent surface with a hard surface.

The dimensions of the stopping platforms and the width of the ramp must correspond to the dimensions of the strollers produced. If the length of the inclined descent is more than 9 meters, an intermediate turning platform is provided, from which the second marching ascent begins.

If the difference is less than 200 mm, horizontal platforms are not installed, and the passage structure is a simplified rolling bridge. In some cases, when space is extremely cramped, the construction of screw structures or the installation of mechanical lifts is allowed.

The path and areas from the outside must be fenced with stable railings with a standardized height. To ensure stability, a stationary ramp, like any capital building structure, must have a supporting foundation capable of bearing a given weight load.

Current building codes

Requirements for the design of ramps for the movement of wheelchairs are determined by three current documents:

• SNiP 01/35/2012;
• Code of Rules 59.13330.2012;
• GOST R 51261-99.

SNiP sets out in detail all the design requirements for the size of ramps for disabled people under stationary installation conditions. The required angles of inclination of the marches, their width, maximum length, dimensions of the platforms and additional installation elements in the form of railings, safety edges and others are indicated.

The Code of Rules (SP) is a more current expanded edition of SNiP. The standards specified in it differ slightly in the direction of reducing the angles of inclination of the ramp path and its maximum length, increasing the width of the passage and the dimensions of the platforms, and installing additional elements to ensure greater safety and convenient use.

However, it should be taken into account that SNiP is legislatively higher in terms of technical instructions than SP. Therefore, if the technical specifications and design documentation do not stipulate the performance of work in accordance with the requirements of the Code of Rules, then the usual standards are met.

The requirements of the State Standard and SNiP for the installation of ramps are identical, but the peculiarity of GOST is a more detailed presentation of the installation of railings. It specifies exactly in which cases the installation of railings is mandatory and sets out detailed requirements for their design.

Standard sizes and designs

The lifting height of one span is no more than 800 mm. This value ensures the horizontal length of the maximum possible descent is up to 9.0 m. The width of the ramp for wheelchair users when moving only in one direction is from 1500 mm, in the case of an oncoming intersection - from 1800 mm.

The optimal width is 2000 mm. A side with a height of 50 mm or a metal tube at a height of 100 mm is installed along the edge of the track.

Selection of the optimal width.

The production of double-track design options is allowed only in cases of individual use. In a public building area, ramps must have a single continuous covering. To lift the accompanying assistant, it is allowed to have a strip of steps up to 400 mm wide in the middle of the path.

Limit angles of descent

According to the new standards, the slope of the ramp for disabled people cannot exceed 8%-15%. This means that for one meter of horizontal length the rise is 8-15 cm. In construction practice, 10% is taken as the optimal slope and is increased only if it is impossible to make another decision.

The maximum height difference should never exceed 18%.

The installation of ramps on existing stairs is prohibited due to the slope not meeting regulatory requirements.

Requirements for sites

All ramps are equipped with entrance, upper and, if necessary, intermediate platforms. According to the instructions of SP 59.13330.2012, their sizes must correspond to the following indicators:

• width - not less than 1850 mm;
• depth for doors opening inside the building is 1400 mm and outside – 1500 mm;
• the size of the space for turning the stroller is from 2200 mm.

When opening the entrance doors outwards, the dimensions of the area should take into account the ability to maneuver a wheelchair at this moment. Therefore the width or depth can be increased.

To eliminate possible icing of structures located in the open air and without a canopy, their surface should be covered with anti-slip material or heated, operating in the cold season.

The width of the intermediate platform must match the size of the paths leading to it. Recommended planning solutions correspond to the following dimensions:

• on a single straight march - 900x1400 mm;
• with a track width of 900 mm and a 90-degree turn - 1400x1400 mm;
• with a descent width of 1400 mm and a change in direction at a right angle - 1400x1500 mm;
• on intermediate platforms with a full turn - 1500x1800 mm.

To ensure more convenient movement of the stroller, the configuration of the turntable can be oval on one side. The edges of the intermediate platforms, as well as the paths, must have a lower frame in the form of a side or a metal pipe.

Folding platform for lifting to the first floor landing.

Fencing elements

Determination of the height, fastening and type of construction of ramp guards must be carried out in accordance with the requirements set out in GOST R 51261-99. Any side of the ramp and platform in the absence of an adjacent wall must be fenced. Fencing designs must include single or uneven-high paired handrails, railings and enclosing sides. Regulatory requirements for fencing:

• installation of inclined paths and horizontal platforms in all areas;
• the height of the main handrails is 700 mm from the surface of the ramp, auxiliary handrails are 900 mm;
• the location of the handrails should be in the form of a continuous line at the same distance from the descent surface;
• fastening of fences is carried out only from the outer end side;
• at the end of the lower flight, the railings and handrails should protrude by 300 mm;
• The cross-section of the handrails is round, with a transverse diameter of 30-50 mm.

The fencing material must be protected from possible corrosion and have sufficient mechanical strength to resist lateral loads.

Standard dimensions of handrails.

How to make a ramp yourself

The installation of a folding ramp for disabled people in the entrance does not require approval from residents. By law, every person with limited mobility has the right to have facilities available to them to move around their home. The only rule is that the installed structure should not interfere with other people living in this entrance.

Ramp drawing.

The slope of the entrance along guides installed on a standard flight of stairs, of course, does not meet regulatory requirements. But, in the presence of an accompanying person, the presence of a folding ramp for the disabled on a flight of stairs makes the process of climbing up in a wheelchair much easier.

In addition, the length of the flight of stairs on the first floor usually does not exceed 6 steps. But after this, a wheelchair user will be able to freely enter the apartment or use the elevator to go to the upper floors.

Required materials and tools

To make a two-track folding ramp for climbing to the first floor landing, you will need to purchase:

• two bent metal channels No. 18-24 with a wall thickness of 3-4 mm or 4 unequal angles 100x65 mm with a length equal to the length of the flight of stairs;
• profile pipe 25x50 mm long ¾ of the stairs;
• 3 steel door hinges;
• 2 meters of profile pipe 25x32 mm;
• steel strip 50x2.5 mm - 0.5 meters;
• anchor bolts for fastening the structure to the wall;
• rotary or sliding latch;
• welding electrodes.

Please note that for the manufacture of the ramp it is recommended to use not a heavy hot-rolled channel, but a bent thin-walled channel. It is much lighter, and its rigidity and strength are quite enough to withstand the weight of a stroller and a person without bending. In order to reduce the cost, the channel can be replaced with two unequal angles, welded along a wide flange and forming a U-shaped structure.

Channel.

The tools you need to have are a welding machine, an angle grinder, a hammer drill, a hammer and a pry bar.

Work order

Place the channel on the stairs so that its plane is in contact with all steps, and the lower edge rests against the floor of the entrance landing. Mark the level of the top step, the empty space below the first and last risers, and also in the middle between the last two marks.

In these three places, connecting jumpers from a profile pipe will be welded; they should not rest against the steps of the flight of stairs. After that:

1. attach the second channel to the marked one, copy the marks and cut off the excess length with a grinder;
2. place the channel with the wide shelf up so that the central longitudinal axes correspond to the distance between the wheels of the wheelchair;
3. measure the distance between the outer edges of the channels and add 300-400 mm to this value, as a result you will get the size of the blanks for the connecting crossbars;
4. cut three pieces of the required length from a 25x32 mm profile pipe and weld T-shaped crossbars from the same pipe on one edge, equal in length to the dimensions of the rotary hinges;
5. weld the hinges on one side to the crossbars;
6. place the jumper blanks on the previously made marks so that one edge coincides with the edge of the channel, and the second, with the crossbar, extends 30-40 cm beyond the structure;
7. weld the jumpers to the channels;
8. place a 25x50 mm profile pipe on the stairs with its wide side facing the wall and securely fasten it using anchor bolts;
9. attach the assembled rotary frame of the ramp to the fixed pipe with loops and make several welding tacks;
10. after this, lift the ramp vertically and perform the final welding of the loops to the pipe;
11. for an even exit from the channel, weld small flat plates at the floor level on its edges;
12. at the last stage, a locking latch or valve is installed, the installation of which depends on its design;
13. After installation, all ramp elements must be covered with primer and painted.

As we can see from the instructions, installing a rotating ramp at the entrance of the ramp is not particularly difficult, but to perform the work you must have welding and metalworking skills.

Video on the topic

Do-it-yourself ramp: how to implement the design at home

A ramp, or otherwise a ramp, is a platform inclined at a slight angle that connects two horizontal surfaces of different heights, and facilitates the comfortable and quick movement of wheeled vehicles from one surface to another.

In real life, this device is used for or baby strollers for easy, fast and most importantly unhindered movement.

Ramps are an indispensable universal tool for people with limited mobility when overcoming thresholds, stairs and other difficult-to-pass places.

They are mainly installed on the street near the metro, shops, entrances and other public places. In this article we will look at the main types of ramps and how to implement a ramp with your own hands!

Ramps structures

There are many types of ramps, namely:

Folding

They, like the stationary ramp, are a non-removable structure, and it is always possible to fold it if there is no need to use it.

This design is attached to the wall with metal hinges on one side.

It is very easy to use. In order to go up or down, you just need to lower it onto the stairs.

After using it, the ramp easily rises back and is attached to the wall with special clamps.

Thus, you can always free up the staircase. Folding devices are most often used in public transport to provide access to people with limited mobility.

Stationary

This type is non-removable and designed for long-term use. Such devices are installed inside buildings, mainly in entrances, for unimpeded entry and exit for people with disabilities.

Stationary devices are developed strictly in accordance with GOST, and its design must take into account the environmental conditions and individual characteristics of the place of operation. The main materials from which this type of ramp is made are metal or concrete.

Removable

This type of ramp can be divided into three categories:

1. Telescopic sliding devices that are used to lift and lower strollers in the entrances of residential buildings. These devices are universal, suitable for any landing and are the best solution where installing a stationary device is difficult. It can also be used folded when overcoming thresholds, curbs and short small stairs;
2. Ramps for overcoming rapids, which are compact in size compared to other types of devices. They are mostly used to overcome curbs and thresholds. They are compact and easy to use. Thanks to this, it can be installed by one person without any problems;
3. Roll ramps, the operating principle of which is not very different from telescopic sliding models. The main difference is the folding method. It can be easily rolled up like a regular rug. This is what makes it very convenient to use and when transporting from one place to another.

The most popular, of course, are removable ramps. They are practical to use, you can always carry it with you, and it can be installed by several people at no extra cost.

Standard sizes of ramps according to GOST

As mentioned earlier, ramps are developed and installed in accordance with GOST.

Tilt angle

The main thing in any ramp is the angle of its inclination to the surface, or the degree of slope. It is measured as a percentage and has the following requirements:

• The slope angle to the surface should be 5%, or 2.9°. In addition, the lifting height should be 80 cm;
• The slope angle can be increased to 10%, or 5.7°, if the floor in the room where the ramp is installed is uneven and has height differences of up to 20 cm;
• When installing a ramp for short-term use and when vertically lifting the device no more than 50 cm and no more than 60 cm in length, the slope angle can be increased from 5 to 8%, or 4.8°;

Physical dimensions of ramps

An important characteristic of any ramp is its size.

The size is also observed in accordance with established rules:

1. Before installing the ramp, it is necessary to build special platforms before and after the descent. Its size should exceed the size of a wheelchair several times;
2. The width of the ramp structure with one lane is more than 90 cm. When equipped with two lanes, the width is at least 180 cm. In this case, the angle of inclination should be 6.7%. In some cases, a handrail is installed between traffic lanes;
3. When constructing a structure with several spans, intermediate platforms are installed between the ramps. The width of the platform should be twice the width of the march, and the depth should be 150 cm.

Physical dimensions of handrails

A special component of ramps, as you can see, are handrails.

They, like the entire ramp, are developed on the basis of the same GOST:

• Mandatory installation of handrails is provided for on structures whose length exceeds 180 cm and height - 15 cm;
• Handrails must be 30 cm longer than the ramp itself; the diameter of the handrail can range from 30 to 50 mm. Handrails are required to be installed along the entire length of the ramp on both sides;
• It is recommended to install handrails at a height of 60 cm, sometimes at a height of 80 cm. For children, handrails are installed at a height of 50 cm;
• To prevent strollers from sliding off the ramp, special 5-centimeter sides are installed on the sides.

As you know, ramps are installed mainly in public places, and, of course, in entrances.

Video: DIY ramp

How to make a ramp for a stroller with your own hands

But what to do if citizens with limited mobility live in their own home, or in a house where a ramp is not installed? No problem.

You can always make a ramp yourself. The main thing in this matter is to choose the appropriate material from which the future ramp will be constructed.

Metal ramp

A folding metal ramp can be placed anywhere. To make such a ramp you need:

1. channel (2 pcs.). It is better to choose the thickness of the channel so that the device can withstand any weight, but at the same time be lightweight for subsequent folding when not in use;
2. metal spacers or corners. Their thickness is not less than 3 mm, and their width is not less than 30 mm;
3. strong and durable door hinges, plates and special fastening device, each in the amount of 3 pieces.

The hinges must be attached to the bottom using bolts. The length of the plate must be sufficient so that the entire structure can subsequently be leaned against the staircase railing.

Before installing the channel, it is necessary to measure the distance at which the wheels of the wheelchair are located. Afterwards the strips are installed parallel to the wheels.

The spacers must be attached so that they are as close as possible to the risers.

This is necessary to ensure that the person who will help lift the wheelchair does not slip and fall. Next, installation occurs on the staircase railing using prepared hinges, plates and fasteners.

Wooden ramp

A wooden ramp is similar to a metal one, but it is much more difficult to manufacture.

It is perfect for stairs that have railings on both sides.

Concrete ramp

Concrete ramps are durable and reliable. It is quite difficult to construct such a ramp yourself, but it is worth the effort.

Making a concrete ramp has 4 main stages:

• First you need to make a recess at the very edge of the ramp. After pouring concrete into this recess, its thickness will increase, which will preserve the structure from cracking and deformation;
• The next step is to make the formwork for the curbs. It is necessary to create a sand and gravel cushion in the formwork, then do the reinforcement, and after all that, proceed to pouring concrete. As a result, you will get two load-bearing borders;
• A sand and gravel cushion is again made between the curbs. First they put sand, compact it well, then put a layer of gravel and compact everything again. When creating such a pillow, you must remember to leave 10 cm for the reinforcement;
• The last step is installing the reinforcement cage and pouring concrete.

Conclusion

Thus, everyone has the opportunity to contribute to the development of special infrastructure, which is so necessary for people with disabilities.

This will help them visit public places without any disturbance and live life to the fullest like everyone else around them.

Video: Folding ramp

Nowadays there are many people who are limited in their capabilities. Most of them move in wheelchairs. Unfortunately, the state does not pay such attention to these people, which could make their lives much easier. Therefore, relatives and neighbors try to help them on their own. Next we will talk about how to make a ramp with your own hands for people who use a stroller.

Metal ramp

One of the options for amenities for wheelchair users and young mothers with children is a folding metal ramp, which is installed in multi-story buildings. Even in a house with two floors, this device will be necessary and appropriate. A metal ramp with a folding ramp can be installed not only at the entrance. It is necessary for moving from and to the porch, and not only.

In order to build a folding metal ramp, you will need:

• Two channels, the lengths of which must match the size of the flight of stairs. The thickness of rolled metal must meet two rules. On the one hand, the channels should easily withstand the load from a person in a wheelchair, on the other hand, they should not be too heavy, since the structure will have to be lowered and raised frequently.
• Spacers that will connect 2 channels together and in this case are ramps. The thickness of these parts should be up to 5 mm, width - up to 40 mm. Metal corners or strips of thick sheet steel can be used as spacers.
• Door hinges of sufficient strength, extension plates, fasteners. There should be 3 pieces of each part.

Stages of work

Work on the installation of a ramp is carried out in a certain order.

• Holes are drilled in the channel, which should coincide with similar ones in the hinges. Using bolts, the door hinges are attached to the near channel. Thanks to the chamfered holes in the hinges, the bolt heads should not stick out from the mounted structure. The extension plates must be the same width as the hinges, as they will also need to be bolted together. Extension plates must have cutouts for the railing posts and be of sufficient length to be inserted behind the vertical members and secured with fasteners. The notches in the extension plates should be slightly larger than the cross-sectional dimensions of the railing posts.
• Before installing the channels and connecting them with spacers, you need to determine the distance between the ramps. It must match the dimensions that exist between the wheels of a wheelchair or stroller. Another important detail is that with a folding ramp there should be no gap between the spacers and the steps, otherwise the person walking behind the stroller may trip and be injured.

• The wheelchair ramp is almost ready. It remains to come up with a device with which the folding ramp will be fixed to the top of the staircase railing. To do this, you need to attach a loop to the far channel. A chain is passed through the loop, which closes when the ramp is raised and locked. If the ramp structure is attached to the wall, then a latch can be attached to its surface, which will securely hold the entire system.

Wooden ramp

The design of a folding wooden ramp is not much different from the design of a metal ramp. The whole difference is that making it is a little more difficult, since the working material is wooden and metal elements.

• Instead of two channels, 2 boards of a certain thickness and width are taken. The length of the ramps should cover the entire flight of stairs. The distance between the boards should be such that it is convenient for a wheelchair or stroller to pass through. At the entrance of a house, a wooden structure is best suited. In this case, the staircase can be limited either by railings on both sides, or only on one side - the second supporting side can be a wall.
• As in the previous version, 2 wide boards are fastened together with spacers, which are wooden blocks of a suitable size. The structure of the wooden folding ramp is attached to the staircase railing using the same hinges. The dimensions of the structure are dictated by the area and shape of the flight of stairs, as well as the dimensions of the stroller. The spacers must be adjacent to the steps, otherwise the person pushing the stroller may break their legs. In addition, in order for the accompanying person to feel safe, the distance between the boards must be sufficient for comfortable movement.
• Then, when the ramp is not in use, the wooden structure is fixed to the railings with a lock. If you work with the wooden material longer, then the folding ramp can be made from the reverse side in the form of an enclosing structure that will serve as a railing. To make the ramp beautiful, the wooden material can be varnished - it will be practical and attractive. It must be remembered that the ramp can only be treated with a slippery coating on one side. The working surface of the boards must have good adhesion to the rubber wheels.

Concrete ramp

It is not surprising that a concrete ramp is a fairly durable and reliable structure. First you need to make a project, and then move on to manual work. Installing a concrete ramp on your own is not very easy. To do this, you need to perform work in a certain sequence.

• First comes the excavation work. Since the concrete base of the ramp at the bottom will be quite thin, there is a possibility that the surface may crack at this point. Therefore, in a certain place you need to select soil for deepening. Due to this, the layer of concrete in the lower part will become thicker. But if you adhere to the technology completely, then a excavation in the ground must be made for the entire concrete base.
• The first step after excavation work is to build curbs. To create them, formwork is made, at the bottom of which a cushion of layers of sand and gravel is placed, after which concrete with preliminary reinforcement is poured. Ultimately, 2 borders with load-bearing characteristics grow. They create the edges of the concrete ramp structure.

Curbs inherently play the role of stiffeners and hold the concrete structure within certain limits. These elements are not required, but from a practical point of view they are desirable.

• Then a layer of sand is poured into the dug recess between the curbs and compacted. After it comes the turn of gravel, with which the same operation is performed. The thickness of these layers depends on the height of the building in a particular location. The higher the ramp, the more sand and gravel you need to pour. When filling the pillow, do not forget that the reinforcement must still be used. As a rule, about 10 cm of space is left for it.
• Finally, a frame is created from reinforcement and concrete is poured. The grade of concrete also matters. For the strength and reliability of the structure, concrete grade M300 and higher is used. Once the ramp is ready, you need to wait a while before using it - the concrete must become completely solid.

It must be taken into account that different layers of concrete must harden evenly. Since the top layer always dries and hardens faster, it needs to be watered from time to time. In order for the ramp to come out with a better surface, it must be additionally covered with plastic film. If cracks appear, they can be sealed with a cement mortar screed.

Movement difficulties for people with disabilities are a problem that they face every day, not only at home, but also on the street. After all, many places are simply not accessible to a person who uses a wheelchair, especially those that can only be reached using stairs. These buildings, along with the degrees, are equipped with ramps.

What is a ramp?
A ramp is an indispensable structure in our time for access with a slope for strollers, bicycles, wheelchairs and other vehicles. Most often it duplicates stairs. The ramp is installed at the entrance to the room or on a flight of stairs. Its main purpose is that it combines horizontal planes of different heights for technical purposes: for the disabled or for transport.

Ramp construction - basic requirements:

The angle of inclination of the ramp should be minimal so that a disabled person in a chair can climb it independently.
The surface should be non-slippery, straight, and free of any irregularities. Nothing should interfere with movement.

The design is a concrete flight of stairs, but instead of steps it has a flat plane of descent. Unlike a staircase, its slope should not exceed 10%, and a lifting plane of 9% is already a deviation from the norm, since a person with disabilities will not be able to climb it without anyone’s help.

What types are there?
First of all, let's determine what types of ramps there are. Depending on the material used:
metal;
concrete;
wooden.

There are also ramps:
Stationary;
Folding;
Removable.

Stationary ones are installed at the entrance to the building. They don't clean up. Folding ones are used when space is limited and are lowered when necessary. They are fixed to the wall of the passage. They are often installed in houses where the installation of a stationary one will interfere with the free passage of other residents. Removable ones are installed temporarily to overcome an obstacle at a specific moment. They, in turn, also come in different types:
1. Sliding telescopic - two ramps that extend lengthwise and when assembled do not take up much space.
2. Roll ramps are an option for those who have very little space. Thanks to a special frame, they roll up like a carpet.
3. Ramps - a folding model that is used to overcome rapids and other small hills.

Ramps can also be classified into:
monolithic;
with wall support;
with full support on the ground or bedding.

Ramp construction - how to do it yourself?

Determination of design parameters
Concrete ramp is one of the most stable types. They can be single-flight (one span) or multi-flight (with intermediate platforms). It depends on the lift height. The maximum length of one strip should not exceed 9 meters, so you cannot make one long plane over a long distance. It is also taken into account that the maximum height of the march is 80 cm. Based on this, when calculating the dimensions of the ramp, you need to take into account the areas at the beginning, at the end of the ramp, as well as intermediate areas. When constructing a ramp, it is important to know that nothing should interfere with the ascent, such as a door. The platforms must be of sufficient size to provide enough space for the stroller to turn around freely.

The minimum width of the ramp plane should be 1 m, if one-way traffic is provided, and, accordingly, 2 m, if two-way traffic is provided. The law also provides for the mandatory installation of sides on the ramp so that the wheels of the stroller do NOT jump from the surface. Their minimum height is 5 cm. For safety and ease of movement with a ramp, it is equipped with railings on both sides. Handrails should be located along the entire length, their height should take into account the needs of children and adults. Therefore, the railings are placed at a height of 50 cm for a child and, accordingly, 70, 90 cm for an adult.

Ramp construction - calculation

Before starting work, you need to prepare, make all the necessary calculations and measurements, that is, draw up a project. According to the standards, the height of the ramp should be related to the length in the calculation of 1:12. This means that to build a structure with a height of 1 meter, you need to make it 12 meters long, and with a height of 1.2 meters - 15 meters. However, according to the standards, it is prohibited to do this, so you need to divide it into 2 flights of the same length - 7.5 meters each, the platform between the flights will be at a height of 0.6 meters (h1 / 2 = 1.2 / 2)

Let's take the size of the area between the flights to be 2 m2. Based on this, you need l1 17 m2 (15 m and 2 m platform).
V1 = 1/10 s = 1/10 17 m2 = 1.7 cubic meters.
V2 = h1 * l1 = 1, 2 * 15 = 18 m2 * ½ brick thickness (0.125 m) = 2.225 cubic meters.
m = 2.25: 0.002 = 1125 pieces.

We also determine the volume of fill used (9 m3) and the required length of reinforcement bars (243 linear meters):
area - s;
ramp height - h1;
platform height - h2;
slab length - l1;
volume of concrete - v1;
wall volume - v2;
number of bricks - n.

Ramp construction - sequence of work

Ramp reinforcement.
Step 1. We make markings for construction with cords and pegs. In this case, the internal width of the future structure is taken into account.
Step 2. Pour the foundation under the walls.
Step 3. We stretch and set the slope.
Step 4. We are laying out brick walls. After this we wait about a month.
Step 5. Fill in the distance between the walls.
Step 6. You need to make a protective layer between the backfill and the concrete (polyethylene is often used).
Step 7. We reinforce the structure.
Step 8. We make the flanging.
Step 9. Concreting. It is better to fill with a brand no lower than M300 from bottom to top. Since the top layer will dry quickly, it is lubricated with water so that everything dries evenly. If cracks appear after it has completely dried, they can be corrected with a cement screed.
Step 9. Install the railings.
Step 10. Cover the structure with bridge or other material.

Installing a ramp is a necessary thing. Not only people with disabilities, but also people with strollers can move along the ramp. This will at least make it more convenient to visit a particular home. Before pouring the structure of the structure, you need to decide which location is best suited. Then do the calculations. If you have chosen a concrete ramp, then the above instructions will help you calculate everything.

Stairs in houses, shops, banks and other enterprises often become an insurmountable obstacle not only for wheelchair users, but also for mothers of small children using strollers, present some difficulties for cyclists, etc. To make life easier for these categories of citizens, stairs should be equipped with ramps. Of course, in an amicable way, the state should solve the problem of installing these structures, but, as is usually the case, sometimes it’s easier to do it yourself.

Stainless steel ramp

Application of ramps

As you can see in the photo, the structure is a steep, inclined deck that connects two levels of different heights, with the help of which you can climb up to the porch to the entrance to the room or down without using a ladder. The ramp is used in entrances, replicating flights of stairs and guarantees access to the required floor by various means of transportation equipped with wheels.

Apartment house

But first of all, ramps designated for people with disabilities. In accordance with new construction standards, the installation of such a structure is necessary for guaranteed, without difficult access for people in wheelchairs to residential, commercial premises and other establishments. In turn, ramps are very comfortable and are used for the movement of strollers, carts, bicycles and other various vehicles for transporting people and goods.

Foreigners, whether arriving for official purposes or as vacationers, are amazed at how small the number of people with disabilities is in our country. But there are a lot of them, the fact is that they are at home, because no public infrastructure has been provided or built for them. Only in privileged residential buildings and modern supermarkets is it possible to see comfortable ramps for the disabled.

In other places, even if they exist, it is not possible to move through them, since they were built without taking into account all the necessary rules and standards, just to have them.

Requirements for ramps

The aluminum ramp must be installed at the required angle and not exceed the permissible deviation. Qualified craftsmen equip the ramp in accordance with the rules and standards in accordance with GOST R 51261-99 “Foundation stationary rehabilitation devices. Types and conditions". One of the points of this GOST regulates the rules regarding fencing: “ramps of a certain lifting height and a certain length must have railings on both sides.”

In addition, we should not forget about an important parameter such as the slope, which must be no more than 8 degrees when descending, and -2 degrees when ascending. However, this GOST allows the use of ramps whose slope is greater than permitted. Ramps are necessary not only for people with disabilities, but also for women with small children living on high floors and walking with children in strollers around the yard. In spite of everything, in order to easily move with a stroller, you can make a ramp with your own hands, strength and diligence.

Safe and descent ascent

Design options

You can choose one of three options:

Steel

We will need:

• 2 beam strips, the duration of which is equal to the distance of the stairs. The thickness of the aluminum is such that it can easily support the weight of the stroller, and at the same time the structure is not too heavy.
• Spacers for connecting beams.
• Fastening, high-strength door hinges, extension strips.

Combined with stairs

The hinges are fastened with bolts. The beam strips are placed at a distance approximate to the distance of the wheels in the stroller. With all this said, the connecting struts are placed so close to the stairs so that the person pushing the stroller does not trip over them. The structure is secured to the handrails with loops, extension strips and fastening elements.

Made of wood

An excellent option for use in residential entrances where there are handrails on both sides or handrails and walls. The strips are made of wood, the duration of which is determined by the duration of the steps and the parameters of the stroller. In the raised position, the two sashes are attached to the handrails with hooks. When discarded, it will look like a barrier to the steps of a staircase.