Toy excavator on hydraulic cylinders with your own hands.

Made of laths painted with alkyd paint from the art kit. Medical syringes 10 ml (4 pcs.) And 5 ml (4 pcs.) Were used as hydraulic cylinders. from droppers. Everything was purchased from a pharmacy. There are many options for making such toys on the network and they are all useful for acquaintance. The design is based on a cover from wooden box... Wheels and oak slats from the remains of previously made crafts.

The control of the toy is made of ten-cubic syringes fixed on four levers. The levers are painted in different colors to match the same color marks on the uprights.

At first, two control options were made. The first is simpler (without levers that increase the force on the syringe cylinder rod). It would have been difficult for the child to work.

The second option is with levers and 5 ml syringes. It was convenient to work with them, but there was no clear work of the working hydraulic cylinders.

Turning to one side is made by a hydraulic cylinder on the base.

The bucket is welded from sheet metal and is controlled by a working cylinder for opening and closing.

The main upright is fixed to a swivel base and can also be raised and lowered.

The cylinders are hinged. Some syringes were wrapped with a sealing tape (1 mm thick) sticky on both sides at the attachment point and a tin hinge was installed on top. The rest of the cylinders at the attachment point were wrapped with a nylon cord on glue with several threads. The outgoing part of the cords was not glued and, having flexibility, worked as a hinge (seen in photo 3).

Every time you create earthworks, especially in small-scale construction, the question arises - to dig with a shovel (it will take a lot of time) or - 30 minutes. You can consider many options, and not get universal advice that it is better to design a mini-excavator with your own hands, rent or purchase such equipment ... But it is necessary to analyze the pros and cons, difficulties and advantages of building a home-made unit. The important stages include:

• Preparation
• Construction
• Manufacturing
• Assembly.

Making or buying a mini excavator yourself is the question.

The mini installation is multifunctional, compactness, ease of transportation and is perfect for small buildings or private owners.

Buying or making a homemade mini excavator will depend on several details: financial capacity and technical skills... If your budget allows you to spend from $ 15,000 on the purchase of such equipment, it is certainly easier to buy and work for pleasure.

If you have one short-term task - digging a trench or foundation for a house - it may be easier to rent it.

If you still want to create an aggregate with your own hands, then you should have:

• An ardent desire to do it yourself;
• Time for the implementation of the venture;
• Engineering and technical knowledge and skills, including knowledge of hydraulics, electric and gas welding, locksmith skills;
• Availability of finance - with good skills, it will significantly reduce the cost of building an excavator on your own;
• Availability necessary tools and equipment.

Excavator typology - let's define what exactly we need.

Having decided on your own design, you must understand which type of mini-excavator is right for you. Distinguish between autonomous and trailed types.

If you have a walk-behind tractor or a mini tractor at your disposal, it will be logical to create a trailed excavator with an additional attachment point.

If you have an old car engine, then you it is easier to create a stand-alone unit with a chassis and a block for earthwork.

Having fired up the idea of ​​how to make a homemade trailed mini excavator with your own hands, you should take into account that the process will not be easy, knowledge and skills are needed.

The design of a mini excavator and its features.

To construct a mini excavator, you need to make a diagram of your model, know the features of all elements, nodes, details. The design principle of a homemade mini excavator is similar to industrial technologies.

If you have certain engineering skills, you can try to create an excavator design yourself. But much it is easier to use a lot of ideas on the vastness of Internet forums.

When choosing designs, it should be noted that all measurements are indicated on foreign sites in inches, and they need to be transferred to the domestic measurement system.

Having decided on the design, we make an estimate, without which we will not see all the nuances of the self-made construction of an excavator. We indicate in the estimate:

• Required consumables
• Spare parts and parts
• Equipment for the manufacture of spare parts
• Toolkit (availability or access)
• Estimated costs of manufacturing an excavator.

Having done all this, you can decide whether to build it yourself or take advantage of a lease.

Drawings are not a problem.

After calculating your finances and deciding on the possibilities, you still decided to build the excavator yourself? A great solution, creative pleasure will be provided for you!

And the next step will be the drawings of a homemade mini excavator.

To build drawings on your own, you must have engineering skills, calculation skills. Here it will be important to draw every detail, make all the calculations.

You can use the help of Internet resources, because if you know what kind of mini excavator you will make, it will not be so difficult to find drawings on the Internet.

Drawings of a trailed mini excavator will be much easier and simpler than an autonomous excavator, in the manufacture of which there are much more parts and assemblies.

The main components - what are they, how to assemble them and is it worth buying?

Having found all the necessary drawings, or having made them on our own, we proceed to the main units of the mini excavator, along the way estimating their cost.

We will make the frame from channel 8 or 10 using electric welding. To the resulting frame we attach the old beam from the car, removing the springs and springs from it. An option would be to land the wheels on a makeshift axle. From the costs we have: about 12 meters of the channel, an automobile beam, and of course your work.

Manipulator - it is easier to make a two-knee one from the same channels welded into a rectangular profile. When making a manipulator, you will need to calculate everything, and without engineering skills it will be difficult to do this. Therefore, it is possible that the manipulator is better. buy ready.

Of the equipment, if you still decide to make the manipulator yourself, you will need machines - milling, turning, locksmith.

The cost of a ready-made manipulator will be about 30% less than making it yourself.

Hydraulics - there is a wide choice of pumps, oil pumps are suitable, types: NSh-10, NSh-32, NSh-150, pumps need to be bought, and preferably new... But the cylinders for the manipulator are also suitable used from MAZ or KAMAZ, size 63x40x500. For the control unit, if you try, you can find a used hydraulic valve RGS 253, MRS 70.4.

It is advisable to take the boom ready and install it together with the hydraulics, since there is a great possibility of error in calculations when designing this unit. An arrow from an old loader is fine..

Drive - which is better and how to choose.

Having crossed the Internet, and after talking on the forums, you will see a persistent tendency of our home-made craftsmen to use when choosing a diesel drive for hydraulics. Diesel is also used in industrial models.... IN self-production cheaper to take the Chinese engine "Lifan". You can certainly experiment with domestic engines, but it depends on your skills.

The mini excavator is a reliable assistant in earthworks, it is compact and convenient, but not without its drawbacks. The first of the drawbacks can be called low speed, this technique is not very mobile, and the digging depth is small due to the size of the mini excavator. But for small buildings, this technique is quite suitable.

Build a bucket - features of selection and installation.

The bucket is our workhorse. The direct load during excavation falls on this important site.

Buckets for a mini excavator must be made durable so that the equipment will last long and efficiently. We make a bucket from two sides and a bottom using electric welding. During manufacturing, we will strengthen the bucket structure by welding the stiffeners and fangs. We can make teeth from the "fingers" from the tracks of old tractors.

You can also buy a bucket ready-made, but it is not difficult to make it yourself, there are no complicated calculations, the choice is yours.

The choice of a mini excavator depends only on your desire and capabilities. If you assessed your capabilities and decided to build your own mini excavator yourself, you will get a lot of pleasure from the process and the results of your labor. If your financial situation allows you to buy new model- great, it will last a long time and effectively.

But for a technically creative person, it will still be a real pleasure to create your own model. It is important here that the results of your work do not fade after calculating the waste on construction. If you are not confident in your strengths and skills, your mini excavator can cost you more than buying a ready-made one.

Photos of homemade mini excavators

Several options for making homemade units:

Homemade videos

A short video about one of the homemade products:

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Compact construction equipment is very popular. Small dimensions, economical fuel consumption, while maintaining the functionality of a full-fledged model. Excavators were no exception. Small earthmoving equipment, ideal for small construction companies, utilities and individuals.

Thanks to a wide range of attachments, the mini-excavator is capable of performing a wide range of works. But there is one problem here: such models cost from 300,000 rubles, so not everyone can afford such a purchase. What to do in this case? There is only one way out: to design a mini-excavator with your own hands.

Preparatory stage of work

First you need to decide what kind of excavator you need. Small-sized earthmoving equipment is of two types: self-propelled or trailed. In the first case, you will need an engine so that the excavator can move independently. In the second case, the equipment can be attached to a tractor or other tractor. It is worth noting that mounted models are much easier to make with your own hands than self-propelled ones.

Any work on the creation of equipment begins with drawings. This will help to better calculate the tractive effort, determine the amount of material, and think over appearance excavator. Drawings can be prepared independently, or you can use ready-made sketches on the Internet.

We select the necessary nodes

So that a compact excavator is practically in no way inferior to heavier machines, it is made according to their model. Respectively homemade model must have the following elements:

• Chassis. When creating a trailed version, a welded metal frame and one wheel pair are suitable.
• Engine. Considering that the equipment will work with a tractor, the powerful power unit it makes no sense to put. You can get by with a small motor, with a power of 6.4 kW or more. This is enough to start the hydraulic pump.
• Platform. The main components and mechanisms, steering and operator's seat will be located here.
• Hydraulic system. This includes: pump, filter, connecting hoses and hydraulic valves.
• Boom with bucket. This work item can be purchased ready-made.

Getting Started

Some home craftsmen assemble a homemade mini-excavator from ready-made assemblies. The necessary parts are purchased in stores, but in this case, it will be much easier and cheaper to buy a ready-made model. Therefore, we will consider the option self assembly from old parts.

This element is recommended to be made of metal channel No. 8 or 10. The channel is cut into pieces of the required length and joined together by welding. A wheel axle from an old car trailer is attached to the frame. From above, metal sheets are welded to the channel; this will be a platform for the equipment. It is recommended to immediately determine the place for attaching the boom, and reinforce it with additional iron sheets and brackets.

Boom with bucket. If you do not have experience in assembling complex mechanisms, then it is better to buy a ready-made arrow. When making an arrow on your own, it is recommended to use pipes of round or square cross-section, with a wall thickness of 6-8 millimeters. The boom consists of three parts, which are interconnected by hinges or bushings.

The bucket can be welded independently from metal sheets. To make the structure strong enough, it is recommended to reinforce the upper part with an additional strip of metal, use longitudinal stiffening ribs and make "fangs". To make the bucket teeth, you can use metal "fingers" borrowed from the tracks of an old tractor.

This is the most complex element mini excavator. The hydraulic system is responsible for the operation of the boom. In order for the boom to drop, turn and move, you need 3 hydraulic cylinders. Another one will be responsible for bucket control. They can be removed from any old truck, where the cylinders are responsible for raising the cab.

It is almost impossible to make a hydraulic cylinder on your own, so do not waste time, but walk around car depots and garages. There you can probably find the part you need.

For the hydraulic system to work, a pump must be installed. The pump of the gear type NSh-10 is optimal. Complete with the pump, you can use a four-section hydraulic valve R-16A or RGS-253. All hydraulic equipment is connected by hoses. The pump is connected to the engine, a container for oil is installed on the platform.

Finishing touches

As you can see, you can make a mini-excavator, just make a little effort. Basically, after the above assembly steps, homemade technique ready for use. To work with comfort, you can make a canopy or a small cabin from a metal profile. Install the passenger car seat inside. If you plan to work in the dark, it makes sense to think about lighting.

Before you start assembling, think, maybe it would be better to purchase a ready-made mini-excavator? Homemade options are not much cheaper, and require certain skills when assembling.

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Toddlers love to use simulated adult equipment in games, various devices, or operating units. Not everyone can buy a high-quality, practical and hardy excavator for a playground, but every home craftsman can create a working mechanical model with his own hands according to a ready-made plan.

Step-by-step assembly of a children's excavator

Most mates are secured with welds. You can make the base yourself from the profile if the old disk is missing.
The assembly algorithm consists of the following points:

• We weld the bearing coaxially to the car disk along the outer cage, reinforcing it with metal kerchiefs.
• We cook a vertical stand of about 0.5 m to the inner cage, and horizontally to it we cook a beam on which the chair and wings will be mounted. To reduce the load, we support the longer part of the console at an angle with an additional stand.
• We mount the levers. The right one is rigidly connected at 90 degrees to the beam to provide lifting of the load. The left one has several sections to extend the bucket.
• We cut a bucket from a sheet. It consists of side cheeks, a toothed worksheet and a back. We weld it end-to-end.
• We are preparing a rack for the bucket with a height of 30 cm.We weld the ears for the hinge to the central part of it for the hinge, which helps to rake, and to the upper end we weld the ears for the hinge, which is responsible for lifting the bucket.
• We bend the beams slightly, cutting with a grinder in two places at a distance of 25 and 50 cm from the edge, in order to bring their ends closer to the vertical bucket post.
• We cut off the beam for raking in such a way that in the extreme far position the control lever is horizontal.
• We weld the lugs for the hinge to the lever.
• In place of the operator, we mount plywood for the chair or a wooden plank.

We paint the product to protect it from corrosion, choosing bright colors. We mount it in a sandbox so that the range remains within the perimeter.
The video shows a version of a home mini excavator from one of the masters.

Today the market offers buyers many varieties of special equipment, but all the models presented have a fairly high cost. If you want to have a mini-excavator at your own disposal, it is easier to assemble it yourself (of course, if you have the skills and training). This option gives the owner the opportunity to significantly save money, while receiving a compact, lightweight and easy-to-use equipment. A do-it-yourself mini-excavator can be easily used on any terrain and even in a limited area for the same purposes as large equipment.

Choosing the best option

To assemble a mini-excavator with your own hands, you must first determine its type. The model can be autonomous or can be attached to the main vehicle, like a trailer. It should be noted right away that the self-propelled version is hand-made full-fledged vehicle that not everyone can do. In addition, to carry out such work, many parts, spare parts and tools will be required. Based on this, the best option for self-assembly is a mini-excavator, assembled with your own hands, on the basis of a trailer.

For full operation, you will need to prepare:

• basis;
• engine;
• hydraulic drive;
• ladle;
• excavator equipment.

Choosing a scheme for manufacturing

With certain technical skills, you can develop your own drawing with the calculation of engine power, hydraulic cylinder forces and other indicators. In other cases, a trailed mini-excavator with your own hands can be assembled according to a ready-made scheme.

The nuances of using other people's drawings

In the case of using a ready-made drawing, it is important to pay attention to the units of measurement indicated in it. It is most convenient to use centimeters for precise definition sizes of equipment parts, but there are times when all measurements are indicated by inches. Of course, it is most convenient to use your own knowledge to draw up an individual scheme that will correspond to the size and characteristics of the spare parts already available. When the optimal scheme is drawn up, you can safely start calculating future costs, taking into account the tools and parts available and those that still need to be purchased for work.

Main working units

Mini-equipment completely repeats all the functions of its industrial large-sized counterparts and is based on the principle of "backhoe".

So, for a full-fledged work, it is necessary to ensure the availability of:

• bearing frame;
• turntable;
• wheeled or caterpillar track;
• engine;
• hydraulic systems (hydraulic pump, hydraulic tank, oil filter, hydraulic cylinders, distributor, connecting hoses);
• pivoting boom with bucket.

A self-made mini-excavator, made by hand, can use the frame of any trailer or old vehicle as a basis. If necessary, you can make it yourself, providing the frame with at least one wheel axle for simplified movement. The frame will also be fitted with a fuel tank, engine and support shoes. They are necessary to prevent the equipment from overturning during operation, and the more, the better, but usually four is enough.

Engine selection

Most often, in order to assemble a mini-excavator with their own hands, craftsmen choose Japanese engines. For the full operation of the equipment, a power of 6.5 to 15 kW is sufficient. With such indicators, the engine will not be too bulky, and the quality of work will completely satisfy the master. Almost on an equal footing with Japanese engines, their Chinese counterparts are now quoted, which are no longer too different in productivity and reliability from the first, but at the same time cost an order of magnitude less. If desired, you can also use domestic-made engines, but few people choose them.

Selection of individual parts

If it is possible to purchase a ready-made excavator boom with a hydraulic system, the number of problems with setting up equipment, additional selection of consumables, assembly time, and so on will be reduced. Some manufacturers offer such work units for sale, but their cost is appropriate, so many still decide to assemble the equipment completely on their own.

Hydraulic system assembly

So, the standard scheme of this working node includes 4 main sections. Each of them controls a certain part of the excavator's motor mechanisms.

These include:

• lifting boom;
• turntable;
• ladle;
• handle.

When assembling a mini-excavator with your own hands, you can abandon the presence of a hydraulic system section for platform control and replace the working unit with a swing column control mechanism with a boom mounted on it. In this case, for work, you will need to purchase 4 hydraulic cylinders, each of which will ensure the movement of a separate part of the machinery mechanism. Parts from various special equipment, both domestic and imported, are suitable for this.

Hydraulic pump selection

Before making a mini-excavator with your own hands, you should also choose a hydraulic drive for future equipment. Most often, for this, craftsmen choose NSh-10 gear pumps, purchasing them complete with a R-16A distributor. If it is necessary to increase the power of the equipment, you can simply use several such pumps and distributors or install an axial-piston unit. Such pumps are more powerful with similar dimensions, but they cost several times more.

Work nodes

If it is not possible to purchase a ready-made boom with a hydraulic system already installed by the manufacturer, only the option of making it independently remains. For this, it is best to use metal profiled pipes for the frame and metal sheets for sheathing the body. If it is possible to remove the boom from the old front loader, you can use this option, but in this case, the working unit will need to be thoroughly modified.

Main working body

For an excavator, this is a bucket, and its manufacture should be carried out only from high-quality materials. The thickness of steel sheets for welding a bucket should not be less than 6 mm, otherwise sampling of hard soil will quickly disable this part. After preparing the cut out parts, they are welded into a single structure, which must be additionally reinforced with steel plates along the bottom of the bucket and the edge of the upper part. For productive operation of the bucket, teeth from very hard alloys must be welded onto its lower outer edge. Regular steel will not work for this, it is better to use ready-made parts from tracked tractors.

Conclusion

Before you make a mini-excavator yourself with your own hands, you should decide in advance on the need to make working units yourself or purchase them ready-made. You also need to have certain skills in various fields of work, such as welding, locksmith, turning and others.

All this may simply be beyond the power of an inexperienced master, and in order not to get any result in the end after serious expenses, it is better to initially focus on the option of acquiring ready-made special equipment. But be that as it may, making a mini-excavator with your own hands will cost much less than buying a new one. And most importantly, from this process you can get a great skill in creating complex mechanisms.