Infrared waves are not visible to the human eye. However, in essence, they are the same electromagnetic waves as visible light, and propagate in space according to the same laws. Therefore, such radiation can be emitted by a special illuminator, and then captured by an optical device, in which the converter converts invisible infrared waves into visible light.

An optoelectronic converter is used to convert infrared radiation into visible light. It converts infrared light into a stream of electrons, and electrons, bombarding a special screen, cause it to glow in the visible range. The light emanating from the OEP is directed directly into the eye of the observer, recorded by a camera or video camera.

What to look for when selecting equipment for observation in the infrared range?

The image quality (brightness, contrast, sharpness, target detection range against a landscape background) depends both on the quality of the illuminator and on the NVD (generation of the image intensifier, the quality of optics). In addition to image clarity, important factors when choosing a device for observation in the infrared range are:

• Weight and dimensions of the device;
• Reliability in work, durability;
• Power consumption of the device, type of power supply;
• Protection of the device from moisture or dirt ingress, resistance to shock and kickback;
• Price.

It is worth making a choice with an eye to specific tasks and the purchase budget. Of course, for observation on a hunt, it is worth looking for a more compact and lightweight device designed to withstand the load upon recoil of the weapon. And to ensure the protection of the territory, you can choose larger structures that have the ability to continuously work for a long time.

presented on the Russian market

• ... An observation device that visualizes the radiation of the infrared part of the spectrum. The device is designed to operate using an infrared laser (solid-state or LED) with a wavelength of about 350 ... 2000 nanometers as an emitter. The S-1 + photocathode used in the design allows you to see a clear image when observing a target at any distance within the capabilities of the device.

The device is easy to use. Compact size and low weight allow fatigue-free observation for a long time. The device has a comfortable handle. It can also be attached to a helmet-mask, freeing your hands to work. The device can withstand temperatures from -10ºC to + 40ºC. Power supply - "little finger" 1.5-volt battery.

• ... The device is capable of converting radiation of the infrared part of the spectrum with a wavelength of 320 to 1700 nanometers into visible light. Since it weighs only 250g, it can be used for long-term observation with virtually no fatigue in your hands. The ergonomic handle contributes to the comfort of observation. For more convenient observation, the device can be attached to a helmet-mask and free your hands.

A more serious modification has been developed for this model. It has a wider range of infrared sensitivity. The upper end of the range is 2000 nanometers.

• ... The camera is capable of detecting infrared radiation, which has a wavelength of 400 to 1700 nm. It can be used both directly for observation and attached to a microscope and for infrared microscopy, spectrography, forensic research and other research work.

The camera's silicon CCD sensor has high sensitivity. It also implements the principle of electron amplification of radiation. The camera is powered by 4 AA rechargeable batteries. There is also a built-in Charger... The AC adapter allows you to draw 12V from a household power supply, so you can work with the camera for a long time and in a comfortable environment. The product comes with a tripod and carrying bag.

• converts infrared waves with a wavelength of 350 - 1700 nm into visible radiation. In this design, an image intensifier tube with extended sensitivity is combined with an SSD camera. Thanks to the 4-inch LCD-display, you can quickly monitor, and the video output will allow you to record information on an external medium. The camera will be indispensable in infrared microscopy, forensic research. Power is supplied from 4 AA batteries. The time of continuous operation of the camera on one set of batteries is about 1.5 hours.
• Helmet-mask FM-1... This handy accessory helps you free your hands when working with the SM-3R and Abris-M infrared surveillance devices. The mask mechanism has two fixed positions. In this case, it is possible to attach the device to the right or left side, depending on the preferences of the observer. The position of the fixed device is also adjustable in three directions.

As you can see, today there are many devices on store shelves that allow you to monitor and record information in the near infrared range. In this variety, any, even the most demanding buyer will find an option that suits him in terms of capabilities and cost.

Infrared radiation is electromagnetic radiation that is located at the edge of the red spectrum of visible light. The human eye is not able to see this spectrum, but we feel it on our skin as warmth. When exposed to infrared rays, objects heat up. The shorter the infrared wavelength, the stronger the thermal effect.

According to international organization standardization (ISO), infrared radiation is divided into three ranges: near, middle and far. In medicine, in pulsed infrared light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT), only the near-infrared range is used, since it does not scatter on the surface of the skin and penetrates into subcutaneous structures.

The near-infrared radiation spectrum is limited from 740 to 1400 nm, but with an increase in wavelength, the ability of rays to penetrate into tissues decreases, due to the absorption of photons by water. RIKTA devices use infrared diodes with a wavelength in the range of 860-960 nm and an average power of 60 mW (+/- 30).

Infrared radiation is not as deep as laser radiation, but it has a wider range of effects. Phototherapy has been shown to accelerate wound healing, reduce inflammation and relieve pain by acting on subcutaneous tissue and promoting cell proliferation and adhesion in tissues.

LEDT intensively promotes heating of the tissue of surface structures, improves microcirculation, stimulates cell regeneration, helps to reduce the inflammatory process and restore the epithelium.

EFFICIENCY OF INFRARED RADIATION IN HUMAN TREATMENT

LEDT is used as an addition to the low-intensity laser therapy of RIKTA devices and has therapeutic and prophylactic effects.

Infrared radiation exposure accelerates metabolic processes in cells, activates regenerative mechanisms and improves blood circulation. Infrared radiation has a complex effect, it has the following effects on the body:

an increase in the diameter of blood vessels and an improvement in blood circulation;

activation of cellular immunity;

removal of tissue swelling and inflammation;

relief of pain syndromes;

improved metabolism;

removal of emotional stress;

restoration of water-salt balance;

normalization of hormonal levels.

By acting on the skin, infrared rays irritate receptors, transmitting a signal to the brain. The central nervous system responds reflexively by stimulating overall metabolism and enhancing overall immunity.

The hormonal response promotes the expansion of the lumen of microcirculatory growth vessels, improving blood flow. This leads to the normalization of blood pressure, better oxygen transport to organs and tissues.

SAFETY

Despite the benefits of pulsed infrared LED therapy, exposure to infrared radiation should be dosed. Uncontrolled radiation can lead to burns, skin redness, and tissue overheating.

The number and duration of procedures, frequency and range of infrared radiation, as well as other features of treatment should be prescribed by a specialist.

APPLICATION OF INFRARED RADIATION

LEDT-therapy has shown high efficiency in the treatment of various diseases: pneumonia, influenza, tonsillitis, bronchial asthma, vasculitis, pressure sores, varicose veins, heart diseases, frostbite and burns, some forms of dermatitis, peripheral diseases. nervous system and malignant neoplasms of the skin.

Infrared radiation, along with electromagnetic and laser radiation, has a general strengthening effect and helps in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. The "RIKTA" device combines multicomponent type radiation and allows you to achieve the maximum effect in a short time. You can buy an infrared radiation device at.

One of the most effective sources of additional heating are. Their principle of operation is based on infrared rays, which provide a quick and high-quality increase in temperature in any part of your apartment.

Today more and more people prefer infrared heaters. They differ from the usual ones in that they do not heat the air in the room itself, but hard surfaces (floors, walls) and objects, and these, in turn, pour heat into the surrounding space. So the whole room warms up imperceptibly.

Infrared waves are long waves, which means they are freely absorbed even in a strongly blown and cold room. The heating itself occurs quickly, immediately after turning on the device. This speed is due to the fact that the flow of infrared rays will be directed to a certain area, this is where heating will occur. That is, being in one part of the room and setting the direction of the convector in that direction, you will immediately feel warmth with your whole body, while the whole room is not yet properly heated. This is another important advantage of an infrared heater over other types of devices for the same purpose. So, to "heat up", and convectors need at least half an hour.

Device design

To understand how this electrical appliance works, and what is the basic principle of operation, you need to have an idea of ​​its constituent parts... The body is usually made of steel and the surface is powder coated. It has an aluminum reflector inside, to which a heating element is attached. In this way, infrared heater is similar on a heating lamp or panel, inside which a beam of infrared rays is collected. They operate independently of the direction of the air and the speed of movement of warm and cold air masses.

The principle of operation of an infrared heater is similar to the effect of the sun on the atmosphere. The sun's rays also penetrate the surface, which in turn absorbs heat.

Types of infrared heaters

Appliances are classified by the type of heating element:

• electrical;
• water.

According to the heating level, IR heaters are:

1. Longwave- can be used in homes, office rooms, industrial premises.
2. Medium wave... It is desirable that the ceiling height reaches three meters or more.
3. Shortwave- it is not recommended to use them at home, since short wavelengths have the strongest radiation. It is best if this type of heating device will be used in a spacious industrial workshop, barn, hall with high ceilings, on the street.

Which model is better to choose

To decide which device is right for you, you should carefully study its characteristics, capabilities and control system. It all depends on the area of ​​the heated room, operating conditions and goals that you are going to achieve. For example, where exactly will the device be located, will it have to be dragged to another room or installed permanently?

So, portable heaters are smaller in size, but at the same time they are able to heat a much smaller area than their stationary counterparts.

Distinguish between wall, ceiling and baseboard infrared.

The most convenient solution, especially for owners of small apartments, will be ceiling option placement of the heater. It does not require a lot of space, it is mounted directly in suspended ceiling or attaches to a regular ceiling using brackets.

The heater can also be installed on the floor. less effective in comparison with ceiling ones, because the radiation flux will not be directed directly, and heating will become more complicated.

It is best if it is inside such a device - it is much more reliable and safer than, for example, ceramic.

The carbon heating element is a tube made of quartz. Inside it is a vacuum space with a carbon spiral. When using a heater with a carbon tube, a characteristic reddish glow appears, which is not very pleasant to the eyes. - lower quality, but does not glow during operation. And halogen can even have a negative effect on the human body due to too short emitted waves.

Before deciding on the choice of device, ask how thick the anodizing layer is on the plate that generates a stream of infrared rays. This parameter determines the durability of the device. With a thickness of at least 25 microns, the heater is considered reliable. If the layer is thinner, then, most likely, your purchase will not last long - such devices fail after 2-3 years.

Be sure to check the type of heating element. Avoid halogen heaters, which give off a golden glow like lamps and can be harmful to your health.

Consider which room you need to heat with this unit. Heaters differ greatly from each other in terms of power. For a room of 10 square meters 1000 W is enough, but it is better to take a heater with a margin. After all, a lot of heat is absorbed by walls, horizontal surfaces, windows, ceilings.

Mobile infrared heaters sometimes have a power of 300-500 watts. They are designed to be used in a variety of environments. If you periodically work in a garage, basement, small office that is not fully heated, then such a portable type of heater will be an effective solution to the problem.

There are different sources of infrared radiation. They are currently in household appliances, automation systems, security, and are also used for drying industrial products. Sources of infrared light, when used correctly, do not affect the human body, therefore the products are very popular.

Discovery history

For many centuries, the study of nature and the operation of light has been occupied by outstanding minds.

Infrared light was discovered at the beginning of the 19th century through research by the astronomer W. Herschel. Its essence was to study the heating capabilities of various solar areas. The scientist brought a thermometer to them and monitored the rise in temperature. This process was observed when the device touched the red border. V. Herschel concluded that there is a certain radiation that cannot be seen visually, but can be determined using a thermometer.

Infrared rays: application

They are widespread in human life and have found their application in different areas:

• Warfare. Modern missiles and warheads capable of self-guided targeting, equipped with which are the result of the use of infrared radiation.
• Thermography. Infrared radiation is used to study overheated or overcooled areas. Infrared images are also used in astronomy to detect celestial bodies.
• Life. They gained great popularity, the functioning of which is aimed at heating interior items and walls. Then they give off heat to the space.
• Remote control. All existing remotes for TV, ovens, air conditioners, etc. equipped with infrared rays.
• In medicine, infrared rays are used to treat and prevent various diseases.

Let's see where these elements are applied.

Infrared gas burners

An infrared burner is used to heat various rooms.

At first, it was used for greenhouses, garages (that is, non-residential premises). However, modern technologies have made it possible to use it even in apartments. Popularly, such a burner is called a sun device, since when it is on, the working surface of the equipment resembles sunlight. Over time, such devices have replaced oil heaters and convectors.

Key features

An infrared burner differs from other appliances in its heating method. The transfer of heat is carried out at the expense of which are not noticeable to humans. This feature allows heat to penetrate not only into the air, but also on interior items, which subsequently also increase the temperature in the room. The infrared emitter does not dry the air, because the rays are primarily directed at interior items and walls. In the future, the transfer of heat will be carried out from the walls or objects directly to the space of the room, and the process takes place in a few minutes.

Positive sides

The main advantage of such devices is quick and easy space heating. For example, it will take 20 minutes to heat a cold room to + 24 ° C. The process does not generate air movement, which contributes to the formation of dust and large pollution. Therefore, the infrared emitter is installed in the premises by those people who have allergies.

In addition, infrared rays, falling on the surface with dust, do not cause it to burn, and, as a result, there is no smell of burnt dust. The quality of heating and the durability of the appliance depends on the heating element. Such devices use a ceramic type.

Price

The price of such devices is quite low and affordable for all segments of the population. For instance, gas-burner costs from 800 rubles. A whole stove can be purchased for 4000 rubles.

Sauna

What is an infrared cabin? This is a special room that is built from natural types of wood (for example, cedar). It is equipped with infrared emitters that act on wood.

During heating, phytoncides are released - useful components that prevent the development or appearance of fungi and bacteria.

Such an infrared cabin is popularly called a sauna. Indoors, the air temperature reaches 45 ° C, so it is quite comfortable to be in it. This temperature allows the human body to warm up evenly and deeply. Therefore, heat does not affect the cardiovascular system. During the procedure, accumulated toxins and toxins are removed, the body's metabolism is accelerated (due to the rapid movement of blood), and tissues are enriched with oxygen. However, perspiration is not the main property of an infrared sauna. It is aimed at improving well-being.

Influence on a person

Such premises have a beneficial effect on the human body. During the procedure, all muscles, tissues and bones are warmed up. The acceleration of blood circulation affects the metabolism, which helps to saturate muscles and tissues with oxygen. In addition, the infrared cabin is visited for the prevention of various diseases. Most people only leave positive reviews.

Negative effects of infrared radiation

Sources of infrared radiation can cause not only positive effects on the body, but also harm it.

With prolonged exposure to rays, the capillaries expand, which leads to redness or burns. Sources of infrared radiation are especially harmful to the organs of vision - this is the formation of cataracts. In some cases, a person has seizures.

The human body is affected by short rays, causing When the temperature of the brain rises by several degrees, a worsening of the condition is observed: darkening in the eyes, dizziness, nausea. A further rise in temperature can lead to the formation of meningitis.

Deterioration or improvement of the condition occurs due to the intensity of the electromagnetic field. It is characterized by temperature and distance to the source of radiation of thermal energy.

Long wavelength infrared radiation plays a special role in different processes life activity. Short ones more affect the human body.

How can you prevent the harmful effects of infrared rays?

As mentioned earlier, short heat radiation has a negative effect on the human body. Consider examples in which infrared radiation is dangerous.

Today, infrared heaters emitting temperatures above 100 ° C can be harmful to health. Among them, the following are distinguished:

• Industrial equipment that emits radiant energy. To prevent negative impact, overalls and thermal protective elements should be used, and preventive measures should be taken among the working personnel.
• Infrared device. The most famous heater is the stove. However, it has long been out of use. More and more often in apartments country houses and dachas began to use electric infrared heaters. Its design provides for a heating element (in the form of a spiral), which is protected by a special heat-insulating material. Such exposure to rays does not harm the human body. The air in the heated area does not dry out. The room can be heated in 30 minutes. First, infrared radiation heats objects, and already they and the whole apartment.

Infrared radiation is widely used in various fields, from industrial to medicine.

However, they should be handled with care, as the rays can have a negative effect on a person. It all depends on the wavelength and distance to the heating device.

So, we found out what sources of infrared radiation exist.

Light is one of the main conditions for the life of terrestrial organisms. Many biological processes can only take place under the influence of infrared radiation.

Light as a factor in treatment was used by the ancient doctors of Greece and Egypt. In the 20th century, light therapy began to develop as part of mainstream medicine. However, it should be noted that infrared radiation is not a panacea.

What is infrared radiation

The branch of physiotherapy that studies the effect of light waves on the body was called phototherapy. It has been proven that waves of different ranges affect the body in different layers and levels, and infrared radiation has the greatest penetration depth, and ultraviolet light has the most superficial effect.
Infrared radiation has a wavelength of 780 to 10,000 nm (1 mm). In physiotherapy, as a rule, waves are used in the range from 780 to 1400 nm, that is, short waves that penetrate into tissues to a depth of about 3 centimeters.

Healing effects

Under the influence of infrared radiation, heat is generated in the tissues, physical and chemical reactions are accelerated, the processes of tissue repair and regeneration are stimulated, the vascular network expands, blood flow is accelerated, cell growth is enhanced, biologically active substances are produced, leukocytes are directed to the lesion focus, etc.
Improving blood supply and expanding the lumen of blood vessels leads to a decrease in blood pressure, psychoemotional and physical tension, muscle relaxation, mood elevation, improved sleep and a state of comfort.
In addition to the above, infrared radiation has an anti-inflammatory effect, stimulates the immune system and helps the body fight infectious agents.
Thus, infrared therapy has the following properties:

• anti-inflammatory;
• antispasmodic;
• trophic;
• stimulating blood flow;
• awakening the reserve functions of the body;
• detoxification;
• pronounced biostimulating effect.

Speaking about phototherapy, one cannot but recall the founder of this section of physiotherapy, the Danish doctor and scientist Niels Ryberg Finsen, who received Nobel prize for the successful use of concentrated light radiation in the treatment of various diseases. With the help of his labors, it became possible to expand the possibilities of light therapy.

Methodology

Infrared therapy is of two types: local and general.
With local exposure, a specific part of the patient's body is exposed to radiation, and with a general one - his entire body.
The procedures are carried out 1 or 2 times a day, the duration of one session is from 15 to 30 minutes. The course treatment consists of 5-20 procedures.
You need to know that during exposure to the face area, the eyes must be protected with special glasses, cardboard pads, cotton wool and other methods.
After the session, erythema (redness) with fuzzy contours remains on the skin, which disappear without a trace an hour after the end of the procedure.

Indications

The main indications for IR therapy are:

• degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
• consequences of injuries, joint pathology, contractures, infiltrates;
• chronic and subacute inflammatory processes, sluggish wounds;
• neuritis, neuralgia, myalgia;
• dermatitis, dermatoses, neurodermatitis, the consequences of frostbite and burns, scars, trophic ulcers;
• some diseases of the ENT organs;
• eye pathology.

Contraindications

In the presence of the following diseases and conditions, treatment with infrared radiation should be abandoned:

• purulent processes without outflow of content;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• the presence of neoplasms;
• active form of tuberculosis;
• bleeding tendency;
• blood diseases;
• pregnancy;
• individual intolerance to the method.

Devices

Today, it is possible to take phototherapy procedures both in medical institutions and at home. For this purpose there is big choice stationary and portable devices.
For home treatment, portable devices are used that do not require special conditions of use.

Despite this, before starting self-medication, it is necessary to consult with a physiotherapist about determining the possible risks for prescribing the treatment method in question, as well as choosing a specific technique for each specific case.
The doctor will write down the treatment method, where it will be prescribed which area needs to be affected, what is the gap between the apparatus and skin it is necessary to observe the intensity of the effect, the time of the treatment session and the number of procedures for the course of physiotherapy.

Combination of therapeutic factors

Infrared therapy in one day can be supplemented with the following types of physiotherapy:

• electrotherapy (four-chamber galvanic bath, amplipulse therapy, diadynamic therapy, electrosleep, franklinization, darsonvalization and ultratonotherapy);
• magnetotherapy;
• ultrasound therapy;
• laser therapy;

The combination of physical factors enhances the therapeutic effect and the body's response to the procedure, reduces the duration of therapy and accelerates the patient's recovery.
Should not be combined one day:

• infrared therapy and ultraviolet radiation;
• galvanization and electrophoresis.

The following are not performed on the same day as infrared therapy:

• inductotherapy;
• UHF therapy;
• decimeter and centimeter therapy;
• healing showers;
• paraffin therapy;
• mud therapy;
• therapeutic baths, including underwater massage and spinal traction.

These techniques have a pronounced irritating effect on the body and can harm the patient's health.

A wide range of diseases are treated with infrared radiation. The technique of carrying out the procedures is often so simple that the therapeutic measures are feasible at home. A doctor's consultation regarding contraindications and a combination of therapeutic factors will help to achieve good results.

Video on the topic "Infrared therapy"