"Not" with various parts speech.
As a unit or separately?
In order for students to understand and successfully master a new spelling topic, the teacher must first of all show the inner logic of the laws of Russian spelling, make these laws understandable, familiar and simple. The means can be different. This is especially true of the moments of working out and consolidating new knowledge. Here, tables (ready-made or thought out by the teacher, "forced out" by him - and therefore the best), algorithms, entertaining and developing tasks, games are also suitable.
Visibility and "amusement" should not be neglected in the senior grades, so that the lessons of the Russian language do not turn into a dreary repetition of what seemed to have been learned in grades 6-7, but most are completely forgotten, and many are perceived simply as a new revelation ...
I. Didactic material from all kinds of manuals helps the teacher in studying and repeating the topic « Not with different parts of speech ". The main writing principle that schoolchildren must learn is here:
Particle not , written separately, expresses the negation of a feature or action.
Prefix not-, written in one piece, says only that the object has the opposite quality, sign or action.
Based on this principle, numerous rules can be combined into simple schemes:
Particle not written separately: – with verbs(was not),with gerunds(leisurely),with numbers(not once), and with short adjectives with a touch of obligation (he is not needed - not required, not obliged - does not want); - with all words, if they have or are implied alliance opposition a (not deep, a shallow river), as well as when increasing denials in words far from, not to anyone, not at all, not at all, not at all(not at all joyful faces); – with comparative adjectives(not thinner); – in words with prepositions(not with whom, not in spirit, not for whom, not in strength). |
Not written together: - in words that without not not used (not vezha, not defeated); – in words that give a qualitative description of the subject and which can be replaced by a synonym (not friend is enemy, very not a healthy look is a very sick look, not healthy - sick); – v verbal adjectives on -my (not dependent); – v indefinite pronouns (not who, not what, not which the); – v prefixed verbs under-, giving the verb the meaning of incompleteness, insufficient action (under make , under evaluate). |
The same principle of writing applies to participles:
Full participles with particle not are written apart, if there is – dependent word: not canceled nobody the lights; – alliance opposition but not canceled, a lighted lights. Not with participles on th spelled separately, if any dependent word in instrumental case: Not visible(reason.) with the eye, but invisible(adj.) to the world of tears. |
If there is no dependent word or opposition to the union a, then the particle not written together: Not the extinguished lights glowed dimly in the mist. WITH short participles particle not written separately always: the lights not repaid. |
II. You can represent these rules in the form of a simple table (7th grade level).
Not with different parts of speech |
||
Part of speech |
Together |
Apart |
| Noun, adjective, adverb to -o, -e | 1. Not used without not-: sissy, ridiculous, ridiculous 2. Can be replaced with a synonym without not-: not modestly (boastfully) not stupid (smart) 3. In negative adverbs: not where , not where |
1. There is a contrast: not truth , a Lying 2. Denial is reinforced by words far, at all, not at all, not at all, never: far not silly 3.With adverbs not in -o, -e: not comradely |
| Pronoun | After not and nor no excuse: nor whom , not whom |
After not and nor there is an excuse: not who nor who |
| Verb, participle |
not harass (not used without -not ) not covetous(not used without -not ) |
not noticed (verb), not noticing(gerunds) |
| Participle | There is no dependent word or opposition: not finished work |
1. There is a dependent word: not finished in time Work 2. There is a contrast: not finished, a work started 3.With short participles: Work not finished |
III. Words that are without not are not used.
| Nouns | Adjectives | Verbs |
stranger frenzy ignorant, ignorant nonsense, nonsense hatred bad weather fidget dislike stainless steel (steel) sloppiness, slovenliness lob Nesmeyana (princess) fool nonsense clumsiness penalty a lack of impurities owl (grass) |
frantic unsightly unsociable hated rainy restless impenetrable (darkness) unsightly (act) hostile unlucky sloppy innumerable (number) awkward clumsy merciless (swearing) |
to resent bewildered to miss (smth.) overlook (for the child) unseen (Sveta) dislike hate rampage I'm not feeling well he itching to you are in trouble |
IV. A simplified version of the rules:
V. We work with algorithms.
Vi. Developing tasks.
1. Reaction speed challenge(good to do after long writing). The teacher reads phrases, calling their serial number, and the students write down only numbers in two columns: together not- and separately not
1) unfulfilled order;
2) the forest is not coniferous;
3) an indignant look;
4) the windows are not washed;
5) not happy to meet;
6) was not;
7) he is unwell;
8) the ring is not gold;
9) not easy to decide;
10) far from easy business;
11) very casually;
12) unmown meadow;
13) in spite of the sides;
14) despite the circumstances.
Answer written like this:
together: 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14;
separately: 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13.
2. Attention task, which simultaneously develops the ability to distinguish between participles and adjectives.
Write down only numbers adjectives, which without not not used:
1) unfinished novel;
2) leisurely;
3) unsightly;
4) uninvolved;
5) careless;
6) immature;
7) clumsy;
8) irreversible.
Now remember the rest of the words from the list that with not are always written together (training of auditory memory).
3. Determine by ear whether not part of the root of a noun or is it a prefix, without which the word is not used:
2) slob;
3) infirmity;
4) hatred;
6) nectar.
4. Find synonyms for words and write down only them: inattention, illiteracy, mistrust, misfortune, independence. A now remember and write down a noun with not, which was dictated to you.
5. Match antonyms with not to the words (by ear) and write down only them: slavery– ..., enemy -..., concentration - ..., dirty - ..., neat– ..., close - ..., lie - ..., low– ....
6. Form participles from verbs (by ear) and write down only those (paired with a verb) that are written with not together:
not to miss, not to get dirty, to be indignant, not to listen,
not to hear, bewildered, tender, luxuriate.
How do you write not with a verb in sentences:
I miss 100 rubles
Am I missing 100 thousand?
7. Form participles from verbs (if possible) and write only them in two columns (together and separately):
not to see, to hate, not to rush, not to rush,
do not do, do not do, be indignant, bewildered,
not to notice, not to notice, to rave,
do not ask, do not ask, (he) is unwell,
itching to overlook (for someone).
From what verbs it is impossible to form a gerunds?
(After completing the last two exercises, the guys in their notebooks have a list of almost all verbs and participles that are without not are not used).
Vii. Exercise to restore warped text to anchor.
Correct any mistakes in the text.
And as their corner was almost not passable, then there was no place to get the latest news about what was happening in the world: the travel agents with wooden dishes lived only twenty miles away and knew a little of them. There was no point even to compare their life to them: whether they live well or not; whether they are rich or poor.
Happy people lived thinking that it should not and could not be otherwise, confident that all others live exactly the same way and that to live differently is a sin.
In the last five years, out of several hundred souls, no one has died, let alone a violent, even natural death.
And if someone fell asleep from the headman or from some old illness, then they could not put on such an unusual occasion for a long time after.
Once, however, there was still a foundry lying behind the outskirts in a ditch, by the bridge, apparently, a man lagging behind a passing artel.
The peasants did not dare to come close. The passer-by made a move to raise his head, but could not: he, apparently, was not healthy or very tired.
And they all went to the village, telling the old people that there was no one from here, and said nothing.
"Don't be local, don't touch it!" - said the old people .
(According to I.A. Goncharov)
VIII. Write a dictation.
BOYS LOST
The boys did not recognize the forest. He seemed to have changed. The wrong trees, the wrong swamps, the wrong grass. Some strange flowers are seen, they were not there before. And instead of a road, an unknown river. They jumped out to the edge and gasped. Again, there was nothing like familiar terrain. Neither mountains nor villages, as if they had sunk through the earth. The sun has gone down. But they were not at all up to sunset. In the forest, the darkness was hopeless, but they were going ahead, without making out the roads, and it was impossible to make out something. They did not see each other further. Kolya suddenly became alert and shuddered. A lingering, subtle sound came from the left side. They rushed to the left. Their legs carried them irresistibly through stumps, swamps, bushes. But still nothing was heard except the sound of the wind and the rustle of rain. Both trembled and rubbed their hands on their knees as they walked.
(According to N. Timkovsky)
(130 words)
LITERATURE
1. Bogdanova G.A."Lessons of the Russian language in the 8th grade."
2. Akhremenkova L.A."Towards the top five, step by step."
3. Konovalova L.F. Russian language. Reference schemes. Exercises. M., 2005.
O.P. EKHINA,
Moscow city
L.V. VELIKOVA,
Moscow city
Training: spelling not and nor with different parts of speech
Lesson 1
Particle Spelling not
Exercise 1
Open parenthesis.
(Not) funny look, (not) strict judge, (not) known author, not (not) funny story, (not) difficult but confusing question, (not) fearful of the dark child, (not) capable of learning, by no means (not) the right decision, (not) a good sign, (not) kind and (not) evil wizard, (not) a built-up site, (not) hired, (not) teacher-verified dictation, (not) known fact from the life of a writer, (not) a weather vane (not) mobile in calm, not (not) healthy person, not (not) mobile air, (not) wide, but deep river, (not) expensive, but practical suit, (not) large, but a comfortable bag, no one (not) a proven way, (not) molding, but (not) a terrible mistake, (not) loud, but a pleasant voice, (not) high, but a low bush, the young man is extremely (not) polite, entered (not ) comradely, a very (not) beautiful dress, a very (not) successful step, the path was (not) wide.
Exercise 2
Add not together or separately, reinforcing the negation in words at all, far, by no means.
Not light service
Chance meeting
_ useless activities
_ real game
_ famous sportsman
_ a familiar person
_ conspicuous appearance
_ profitable contract
_ curious animal
_ spoiled child
Far from light service
Accidental slip
_____ _ useless plants
_____ _ real writer
_____ _ famous poet
_____ _ familiar street
_____ _ conspicuous detail
_____ _ good deal
_____ _ curious person
_____ _ spoiled viewers
Exercise # 3
Open parenthesis.
(Not) ready, (not) happy, (not) should, (not) guilty, (not) agree, (not) intend, (not) alien, (not) necessary, (not) seems to be (not) time, (not) forgetting, (not) licking, (not) dumb, (not) victorious, (not) comprehensible, (not) ryaha, (not) brighter, (not) worse, (not) better, (not) easier, (not) stupider.
Exercise 4
Write not with verbs together or separately.
To fail, to see, to break, to recover, to fall in love, to understand, to honor, to smile, to rage, to escape, to get along, to be silent, to wish. He didn’t finish - you are talking about something; perseverance is enough for him - the kid reaches the window; _learn all the little things - you _learn the poem to the end; they watched the show to the end - the nanny looked after the pupil; the book was read, the soup was prepared and salted; _ guess what to do; _prove the theorem; _ arrived; _to collect points; _admitted to the competition; _would ask to go to the store; to live, _ eating and _ sleeping; _to get medicines; song _dopeet.
Exercise # 5
Open parenthesis.
(Not) a printed letter, (not) a train I met, a puppy (not) understanding anything, a song (not) finished, floors (not) painted, (not) blinking eyes, (not) a complete phrase, (not) a lot (not ) completed, very (un) thoughtful decision, visible (not) with an armed eye, flowers are (not) collected, for (not) dependent circumstances, (un) imitated actor, (un) sealed envelope, (un) married lady, (not ) get the required amount, (un) ripe peach, (not) tired traveler, never (not) parting spouses, (not) stamped by his sister, (not) tactful young man, behave (not) forcedly, question (not) resolved on time, (not) listening to anyone, posters (not) pasted up, (not) looking into the future, dinner is (not) ready, (not) looking at (not) the weather; read (not) loudly, but expressively; bonfire (not) extinguished, (not) extinguished light; (not) dear, but beautiful thing; very (not) interesting subject, go (not) in a hurry; (not) loud, but quiet sound; (not) having weak points movie.
Session 2
Particle Spelling nor
Particle nor used:
- to strengthen the negation expressed by a verb with a particle not:
There was not a word about love in the letter. There is no sound in the house.
The negation is omitted in this sentence.
Attention! Not in combinations none other than and nothing but written separately: It was none other than Santa Claus.
And she, imagine, was carried away by none other than this strange person. It was nothing more than ball lightning.
Exercise 1
Open parenthesis. Insert e or and.
(N_) why to have fun, (n_) with whom (n_) to argue, (n_) before what (n_) to stop, (n_) to whom to rush to, (n_) where (n_) to be, (n_) whom to ask, ( n_) why grieve, (n_) for what and (n_) what to offend, (n_) where to get it, (n_) how much (n_) worry, (n_) whose land, for (n_) how many times to ask, (n_ ) in which (n_) to agree, (n_) who (n_) to count on, to whom (n_) to rely on, (n_) where it was located, (n_) what (n_) to interfere with, (n_) could (n_) whom to ask, to pretend it was (n_) why, (n_) whom not to despise, (n_) who was to complain to, (n_) with whom (n_) communicated, he was (n_) how much, (n_) in front of whom (n_) humiliate yourself, be (n_) with what, (n_) what (n_) is chasing.
Exercise 2
Open parenthesis. Insert e or and.
1. (N_) on the square, (n_) in houses, (n_) on the streets nearby (n_) more (n_) of what kind of light was required. (Y. Olesha) 2. We were deeply convinced that birch sap, packaged in three-liter jars, is (n_) nothing but the same tap water, only sweetened. (T. Tolstaya) 3. Who only he (n_) worked in the army. (V. Shukshin) 4. Where (n_) I look around, everywhere rye is thick. (A. Maikov) 5. And he is already so far away that (n_) will shout, (n_) help. (A. Tvardovsky) 6. The strength of the horse to gain (n_) from where. (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin) 7. He (n_) once (n_) saw Ellochka during this time. (V. Shukshin) 8. And I was struck (n_) as much by her beauty as (n_) ordinary, (n_) by whom (n_) the loneliness seen in the eyes! (M. Bulgakov) 9. It became quite clear that Nikanor Ivanovich (n_) is suitable for what conversations (n_). (M. Bulgakov) 10. (N_) when (n_) talk with (n_) famous. (M. Bulgakov) 11. This reasoning (n_) to what extent (n_) satisfied the chairman of the house management. (M. Bulgakov) 12. (N_) to be a crow a cow, (n_) to fly frogs under a cloud. (K. Chukovsky) 13. The girls looked at us with fright and, it seems, (n_) understood (n_) the words. (T. Tolstaya)
14. In short, to argue with me (n_) with whom and (n_) about what. (T. Tolstaya) 15. (N_) one ray of the sun (n_) penetrated through the wicker clouds, which were stuffy. (V.Kataev) 16. To his disappointment, Petya did not see (n_) widows (n_) weeping willows (n_) of the gray sky. (V.Kataev) 17. The thought of the presence of the plague is very (n_) pleasant from (n_) habit. (A. Pushkin) 18. After examining the plague man and promising (n_) a happy soon recovery, I drew my attention to two Turks, who took him out under the arms, undressed, felt, as if the plague was (n_) nothing but a runny nose. (A. Pushkin) 19. In Arzrum (n_) for what money (n_) can you buy what you find in the small shop of the first uyezd town of the Pskov province. (A. Pushkin) 20. In my mouth (n_) what (n_) I will take in your buffet! (M. Bulgakov) 21. Explain to me now why the midday coast and Bakhchisarai have an explicable charm (n_) for me. (A. Pushkin) 22. As I (n_) was afraid of tickling, I (n_) jumped out of bed and (n_) answered him. (L. Tolstoy) 23. To humans, he was (n_) tainted by (n_) intrigues, (n_) compromises with power. (From newspapers) 24. He was engaged in (n_) artistic fantasies, and the design of the future architecture. (From newspapers) 25. This is a biography of a Russian genius who was born as if (n_) to the time and as if (n_) to the place. (From newspapers) 26. Looked under the stove, looked at the stove - (n_) on the stove, (n_) under the stove, (n_) in the closet, (n_) under the table (n_) who (n_) was. (Y. Koval) 27. (N_) a bear, (n_) there was no bear. (Y. Koval) 28. For example, there was a bullfinch. Important, well-fed, round, (n_) let (n_) take a soap bubble if you blow it out at sunset, when it is red. (V. Dragunsky) 29. Lemonchik listened attentively to him, looked at him with his shiny eye and again jumped like (n _) (in) what (n_) had happened. (V. Dragunsky) 30. He (Alyosha) has no (n_) greed, (n_) pride. (A. Chekhov) 31. (N_) are driven from the table and (n_) put to bed - and thanks for that. (A. Chekhov) 32. Now his conscience could remain completely calm: he is here (n _) (with) what, such is the will of Gavrik. (V.Kataev)
Session 3
Test dictation
1.
2.
In the morning, Preobrazhensky was in a good mood. Today it is known that Helen is a student. On the one hand, it was a pity to settle with a qualified secretary. Another one to take so far (not) from where, besides (also) he knew that he would love the new one (not) at first sight. It is far (not) an easy thing to find Lenochk_ a worthy replacement. With her, he (n_) how much (n_) worried about his work schedule, she (not) had to be reminded (several) times about the same (the same). What (n_) will do - all is well. On the other hand, the girl (n_) was left with (n_) what difficulties: during the day she worked in the evenings and occupied almost (n_) where (n_) had been this winter - (n_) had enough time_. The general was sincerely glad of her success. Preobrazhensky saw the trays with flowers and scolded himself for (n_) guessing to buy flowers (for) early. He's going to work today. (N_) what (n_) a justifiable act! He crossed (n_) a wide but lively street and began (n_) in a hurry to pick flowers. In some, he (n_) got enough colors, others, in his opinion, were (n_) enough triumphs.
- Look what a s_karny bouquet! - the saleswoman came in and handed Preobrazhensky a whole sheaf of flowers (n_) imaginable compositions, wrapped in shiny corrugated paper. - Or this one, even richer!
“The bouquet should be (not) rich, but beautiful,” Preobrazhensky remarked dryly.
He (at) the end found what he was looking for: (n_) large bright (scarlet) fresh roses from Moscow region hid in the corner behind the backs of their kingdom neighbors. The general raised the basket with roses and, sensing the pleasant heaviness, gently shook it. Tight buds, as if rolled out of rh_ fabric, laid down like a lustful fan and surrounded the tr_toir with water.
- It will cost you (not) cheap! - (not) trusting the saleswoman said.
- You are a girl extremely (n_) polite! - Preobrazhensky sternly pronounced, rejecting the money.
Satisfied, he moved on. After waiting for the stream of furiously rushing cars, Preobrazhensky again crossed the street and looked at the clock gasped. (N_) wasting more (n_) minutes, he went to the third special.
Helen horse (n_) light (n_) dawn went to look at the posted lists and is now waiting for him in her _range_re_. She (that) always comes (at) time. The general looked at the flowers with pleasure and opened the door to the room.
Session 4
Test
1. Expand the brackets and insert the missing letters where necessary.
2. Add missing punctuation marks.
As expected, Preobrazhensky Lenochka was already at work. “What's the news in paradise? What were the s_raphim singing today? " The smiling general greeted her. But Lenochka usually sat, revived, strangely quiet and sad. (Not) cheerful, but her mournful gaze poked Preobrazhensky. It was visible with an (un) armed eye that something (that) (not) good had happened. She saw the flowers and her face was contorted with (not) excruciating pain.
The position of Preobrazhensky was (not) enviable. Roses were clearly (n _) (to) what. However, Lenochka (n_) shed (n_) tears_ while telling him that (n_) got (half) the score. She counted on the (floor) checkpoint (this happens both at the philological faculty and at the mechanics and mathematics department and at many other faculties), but her calculations were not justified. Preobrazhensky started to give a hint about ap_el_ation, but ap_el_it was (n_) to whom and (n_) about what. The general put the roses in the corner, closed the door to the room and announced to everyone in the department that there was nothing to have fun with, the holiday cake should be removed and the room (n_) entered. Girls_ (not) where to hide_ to survive (not) luck. (In) other things to hide the failure was (not) (from) whom. The department was friendly and everyone sympathized with their younger colleague. Friends responded (differently). The distrustful of adulterers (n_) whom (n_), listening and muttering (something) something (not) connected, immediately went to console his teacher. Prilutsky, knocking on a shoe that had been polished to a shine, suddenly began to whistle something (that) angry, and then (in) everything turned around and (n_) words (n_), saying, left in the (un) known direction. All these days he has been running like a wicked person getting (not) necessary information for a very good investigation. He (n_) left_valos (n_) minutes free to think about anything (anything) other than the entrusted matter. “A wonderful worker, but what a cracker! So (that) really (not) (in) comradely ", - thought (in) hearts Preobrazhensky.
Some kind of eternally gloomy, evil.
(L. Rubinstein)
With a sigh, he returned to his room. It was necessary to ask the Adulter and (in) that (would) then (n_) begin to convince the girl that (not) (for) what to sour because of (not) luck_, (c) before she had a whole life. (B) other things, (n_) for whom (n_) the secret is that such advice (n_) to whom and (n_) when else (n_) helped. In the primeval room, Helen, mechanically first, told the adulterer that she was a complete (n_) goodness, a brainless doll, (n_) (for) that (n_) a capable person. The letter of resignation lay on the table.
“This is a very (not) thoughtful decision, we all love you so much,” Adulterers said sadly. - And it is not at all (not) important whether you are a student or not!
- No no! It is very important! - Lenochka ardently rejoiced. - Professionally, I will soon be (not) usable because I'm marking time in one place. After all, you yourself told me that every person is interesting in development_. (Not) (for) why love me.
Preobrazhensky was about to intervene, but suddenly he heard the Adulterers say in some strange (not) familiar voice:
Sometimes a crazy thought suddenly arises: "Well, say what?".
(L. Rubinstein)
- If I were not me, but the handsomest, smartest and best person in the world, this very minute I would ask on the knees for your hand and your love ...
- Yes Yes! - Helen picked up. - I know: this is Pierre speaking Natasha_! I remember almost all the scenes of the declaration of love in Russian novels. They are beautiful!
"How, how," thought Preobrazhensky sullenly. - Odintsova and Bazarov are especially good. "Blow on the dying lamp!" Where is how glorious! "
- And Kitty and Levin? - Lenochka continued. - Remember? Their silent conversation on the green cloth of the card table? After all, they wrote the initial letters in chalk - and everything was said: that she loves him, that she will tell her parents that tomorrow he will go to do an extension ...
"Oh my God! - thought Preobrazhensky. - I (n_) will endure the second tr_gedy of the day. " He went to his room and closed the door tightly.
You may not look anywhere, but see everything.
(L. Rubinstein)
Session 5
Test
1. Expand the brackets and insert the missing letters where necessary.
2. Add missing punctuation marks.
So who, if not the Policeman,
Forgetting about your own wealth,
For troublemakers
Will rise clean and rightful!
(D.A. Prigov)
I still had to call Irina Rodionovna to cancel the festive dinner and save Lenochka from (n_) the necessary congratulations.
- This was still (n_) enough! - Irina Rodionovna raged. - Whom (then) should I take? She (n_) points (n_) got the required amount! (N_) what else is its failure (n_) explained_!
- I know you (n_) for a few years Irina. You (n_) are imitated. Where are you calling and who are you talking to? - the general interrupted her, forgetting that it was he who called her.
- All your (n_) corrupt honesty! And what thoughts during this time (n_) overcame me. And then they waited! I told you Sherlocks Holmes (n_) times: "You all compare for the letter of the law and life_ (n_) know_." Call Isabella, Bohemian - let's add up, let him go to the paid branch. (The required amount must be collected_a (n_) slowly_o. differently.
“Let’s assume Holmes didn’t care for the letter of the law, but for the spirit of good,” Preobrazhensky reared.
He thought that the paid branch was a great way out of the position. (H_) having finished the phrases, he grabbed the suddenly ringing cell. Prilutsky called. He had just left the office of the front office and in detail (n_) hastily, seeing the details, reported that a (n_) big (n_) misunderstanding had occurred. A long list of applicants (n_) fit on one sheet. The surname Lenochk_ was the last on the first pages_ and got to the place where two sheets of paper were glued together. Here is such (n_) forgivable (n_) negligence, (n_) more, (n_) less! (In) in view of such an incident, Prilutsky was given a duplicate list of those accepted and now he is going to work. "Thunder of victory, blow up!" - Sc_mand_wallowed to himself Preobrazhensky and glanced at the raging (until) (now) tube, voiced by Irina Rodionovna's voice.
- Our conversation (n_) long ago is still ringing in my ears ... - he gently sang to her.
- Are you crazy? - finally ripped off the receiver and after a pause in a crying voice asked:
- Any other news from Kostya? Say (n_) tom your soul!
Quickly ending the conversation Preobrazhensky opened the office door. (H_) knowing fatigue_ Lenochka had already sorted out all the mail and now, taking out the flowers from the basket, she peacefully talked with Adultereev about the novel_ "Kys" by Tatiana Tolstoy. Preobrazhensky was pleased to hear that the main character in the novel, imagine, is the language! Nice_but! Next to the Adulters, Lenochka was especially fragile. She (n _) (up to) stood up to his shoulder and stood on the buds to put the vase on a high rack. Adulterers, according to their heads, sometimes (something) commented, helping her to grow (n_) wilting scarlet roses all over the earth and cautiously (n_) referring to the sad morning details made plans for admission for the next year. Preobrazhensky hugged both of them and reported the wonderful news that Prilutsky had just told him.
Reference material
1. Not with noun, adj., With -o adverbs I writetogether, if:
not (bad weather, rainy, rainy) ,
b) you can come up with a synonym withoutnot (untruth - lie, untruth - false, untruth - false),
c) no words ;
writing apart, if:
a) there is (conceived) opposition(not true, but false; not true and not false - opposition is implied) ,
b) there is one of the words:far, not at all, not at all, not at all or other negative words withneither (not at all a joyful event ),
c) with logical. accent in question. proposalnot with him. adjective (Who does not know Pushkin's poems )
Remember : not ready, not happy, should not, not disposed, not intending.
2. Not I am writing with participlestogether, if:
a) the word is not used withoutnot (perplexed),
b) with full participles, if not with them:
Contrasts,
Dependent words (unmown meadow, but: meadow not mown by me) ;
writing apart, if:
a) participle in short form (the meadow is not mown ),
b) any of the conditions is met:
There is an opposition (the meadow is not mown, but shorn ),
There is a dependent word (meadow not yet mown ).
Differentiate the present passive participles on-My and verbal adjectives in-My !
In a simplified way, the rule can be formulated as follows: most verbal adjectives in -my without not not used - I write themtogether (unattainable, unbearable, unshakable and etc.);
the rest of the words on-My are written apart, if:
a) negative pronouns act as a dependent word(incomparable with anything; elements that are not soluble in anything),
b) the noun in the instrumental case acts as a dependent word, indicating:
The producer of the action (not a stepmother's favorite child ),
Instrument of action(stars not visible to the armed eye, but: through tears invisible to the world).
3. Not with negative pronouns written in one or three words(no one - no one, no one - no one).
4. Not I write together with negative adverbs(nowhere - nowhere, nowhere).
5. Not with adverbs not in -o, do not deny., with pronouns. do not deny. I write separately(not here, not like that, not everyone).
6. Not with verbs and gerunds is written together, if the word is not used withoutnot (bewildered - bewildered).
Prefix under- spelled together if the verb has a multiple meaning(I was malnourished all the time, I always didn’t sleep enough, but I didn’t finish my soup).
7. Distinguishing particles in writingnot and nor .
1) In negative and indefinite pronouns and negative adverbs
not write under stressnor - without blow .: nobody, nowhere - somebody, nowhere.
2) Remember semantic pairs:
none = none - not one = many,
never = never - not once = many times .
3) Repetitive nor if there is a verb in the sentence withnot acquires the meaning of a union(There was no water or trees to be seen anywhere.)
4) Remember the spelling of stable turns:
out of nowhere
as if nothing had happened,
no matter what,
neither fish nor fowl,
neither alive nor dead,
neither two nor one and a half,
neither this nor that,
neither give nor take,
none other than,
nothing but,
none other.
nothing else.
5) In exclamation and interrogative sentences, it is not written, in subordinate clause to strengthen the affirmative sense - no.
Not-? or!
No if the sentence is complex.
Compare: Where he just didn't apply! - Wherever he turned, he refused everywhere (did he apply? - yes, he did).
Assignments and exercises.
1. Use the Reference Material to explain the difference in spelling of words.
The soup lacks salt. - He does not reach the machine.
Letters not sent by the writer. –Unsent letters from friends.
The meadows are not mowed. - Unmown meadows.
The weather is not to blame, but your laziness. - Bad weather broke out.
An unrepentant person. - An unrepentant criminal.
He's not old yet. - Purchase an old house.
The train does not go fast or slow. - Come immediately.
He is not able to understand it. - The man was stupid, incapable.
An irreplaceable employee in this job. - An irreplaceable employee.
Unloved books in childhood. - A toy not loved by a child.
The work is not interesting. - The work is not interesting for anyone.
Water insoluble element. - An element insoluble in any liquid.
2.As a unit or separately?
Upset because of(not) expected (not) amenities, (not) Like (not) neat little room, stop in front of(not) buddy in (not) decisiveness, (neither) who (not) believes in different (not) bylitsy, he (not) lacks intelligence,(neither) by whom (not) hanging portrait,(not) timely remark made,(not) the years have formed(not) old character;(not) long but wide corridor;(not) humble and boastful person; child(not) sat down, (not) inflected words in Russian,(not) aspirational movement,(not) glad what happened(not) who to worry about(not) unsteady ideals, acquire by no means (not) a cheap thing (not) complaining about (not) eating through(not) the tears visible to the world(not) accurate calculations, take risksin view of (not) bypassed, looked far(not) affectionately, (not) salted soup, (neither) by whom (not) noticed person talking(not) in Russian, (not) discontinuing during half an hour noise, study(not) worse than others.
Speak the highlighted words by syllables, try to remember their spelling.
3. Not or nor ? Write down by inserting the missing letters.
N .. alive n .. dead, n..when n .. disappears, will do whatever n .. become, saw the film n .. times, n .. read this book n .. once, like n .. what n .. happened; n .. who else is like you; n..really you n..izvesnor, the most that n .. is experienced, n .. hearing, n .. spirit, n..n .. did little, n..those n .. what, n .. that n .. other, n..when n .. will comprehend, n..who is in black, n..a little n..embarrassed, n..why look, n..what n..believes.
4. Write down by inserting letters and opening parentheses.
(Not) a grave but capable child; not without .. interesting poem(not) published (n, nn) O; look..l (not) vezh..y; (not) noticed some (not) wealth; moving along(not) a long but wide corridor;(not) cheap and (not) expensive purchase;(not) finished eating for six months;(not) hearing (n, nn) th scandal; yet (not) more beautiful (n, nn) th fence; showed(not) completed task;(not) sowing (n, nn) boiled herbs; Work (not) completed; (not) explainable actions;(n ..) by whom (not) cat meadow; (not) hang up .. (n, nn) haunted paintings; (not) flown around .. yellow foliage.
5. Visual dictation.
I looked at the inaccessible silver peaks, achieved incomparable results within six months, symmetrical buildings made by an unknown master, a dim, winter-like late dawn would dawn, in a minute or two there would be a unique ringing of bells, an unannounced performance of visiting circus performers.
6. Write down dictation phrases. Compare what is written with what is printed.
I didn’t turn to anyone for anything; I didn’t want to depend on anyone throughout my life; it is something other than a surprise; no one else interested him; without explaining anything; not at all an entertaining story; conversation started at the wrong time; not yet sown rye field; not tolerating any objections; unfulfilled amount of work; reproaches not directed to anyone in particular; unheard requests; could not help but sympathize; you experience absolutely unbearable pain; not happy to meet you; not ready for discussion; the berries are medium-sized, but tasty; I haven't found anyone after all; not necessary at all; not without reason did not want to understand; an irreplaceable employee in this job; waterproof raincoat not hung in place; are located nearby; not soluble in any liquid; the room is not cold; not strengthened after an illness; he looked far from affectionate; none of the sketches are complete.
7. Dictation.
Whoever has never been to the top of the inaccessible Ivan the Great, who has never had a chance to look our ancient immense capital from end to end, who has never admired the majestic, unimaginable, incomparable, almost immense panorama, has no idea, what is Mother Moscow, for Moscow is not a big city, of which there are a thousand. Moscow is not a silent bulk of cold stones, composed by an unknown master in a symmetrical order ... no! she has her own soul, her own life that depends on no one or anything. As in an ancient Roman cemetery, each of its smallest pebbles keeps an inscription, once drawn by time and fate, an inscription incomprehensible to the crowd, but rich, abundant in thoughts, feelings and inspiration for a scientist, patriot and poet! Like the ocean, it has its own language, unlike anything else, a language strong, sonorous, holy, prayerful! As soon as dawn dawns, from all its golden-domed churches a unique anthem of bells will be heard, similar only to the wonderful, fantastic, incomparable Beethoven's overture.
Oh, what a bliss, reader, to listen to this ground music, having climbed onto the upper tier of Ivan the Great, leaning on a narrow but high mossy window, to which none other than history itself led you, and to think that this whole orchestra is thundering under your feet, and imagine that all this is for no one else, only for you alone, that you are the king of this immaterial world! What a happiness at once to embrace the soul of an earlier immense vain life, all the petty concerns of mankind, looking at the world from an immeasurable height!
To the north in front of you, in the very distant north at the edge of the blue sky, a little to the right of the Petrovsky castle, the not gloomy, romantic Maryina grove turns black at all, and in front of it lies a whole layer of variegated roofs, crossed here and there by the dusty green of boulevards arranged on the city rampart ...
And so stretches beneath you all of Moscow, hitherto perhaps unknown to you. (According to Lermontov)
Despite the cold, I left the unheated non-stone house and set off slowly to my gifted friend. I could not help being friends with him.
His short, either gray or black house stood imperturbably not far away. There were not many passers-by on the street, but most likely not many. In spite of anyone, I followed a route that had not yet been forgotten.
Today was a difficult conversation, I dreamed of persuading the young artist to prepare the opening day.
After knocking on the door and not hesitating for a minute, I entered a small but cozy workshop, asked a few minor questions. Ivan answered them without looking at me, and made it clear that he was not ready for the exhibition.
I remarked: “Ivan, I have no right to judge you, but there is no one for whom or why to advertise with my indiscipline. You promised! Your work, like real estate, today is not worth little, but very, very big money! "
He either displeased or incredulously looked at me, and then, without hesitation for a minute, tore off the coverlet from the apparently unfinished picture. Flowers in a non-white, unbreakable vase flaunted on the canvas with carefree ease. The artist was, I think, unaware that the depicted are not so hot as on cardboard oil paints, they did not lose all their unique feature. The friend could not do otherwise. Whether he knew about it or not is unknown. He was not at all interested in the dandelions themselves, which did not arise in his mind by eternal oblivion, but just a bright contrast. Ivan was afraid that there would not be enough time, and he would not finish, not finish painting his paintings, but a real artist should not rush.
(248 words / 47 with spelling).
NOT with different parts of speech. Dictation.
Thunderstorm in the forest.
Despite the fact that weather forecasters predicted bad weather, our group, consisting of young, inexperienced travelers, set off for a land that none of our friends had ever known. No sooner had we left not a large, but a small village, when, in our opinion, a cloud hung almost motionless over the inhospitable deciduous forest.
Suddenly a thread of fire flashed, an unpleasant, deafening thunder was heard, which seemed triumphant, not threatening. And there and then, far from small drops of rain drummed on the larches.
We had never met a thunderstorm in the forest before, so we didn’t even suspect that it was an unforgettable, unpleasant sight. The downpour poured in indomitable streams, thunder of unimaginable force shook the entire area, and lightning, which did not stop flashing, blinded our eyes, which were not prepared for such a spectacle. Only for a fraction of a second could one see the almost impenetrable thickets of juniper, almost flooded with water, and large aspen leaves, hung with not light drops at all.
Our expedition turned out to be absolutely unprotected from the rain. The commander suggested waiting, doing nothing or stopping under huge trees, which could be hit by life-threatening lightning.
But without haste, leaden clouds crept across the sky towards the city, and we continued our way along the low-paved asphalt highway. And here is the desired goal - the forester's hut, promised to us at the beginning of the campaign.
The forester, with unusual haste, presents us with outlandish dishes: baked milk, potatoes baked in ash, smoked meats, peppercorns and pickled cucumbers. We gave him a recently purchased, never worn sheepskin coat, and we ourselves are waiting for our clothes hung by the fire to dry out.
(242 words / 30 with spelling).
Task 12 USE NOT with different parts of speech
1. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The well-known Pythagoras was (not) a historian, but a mathematician.
(Un) completed houses surrounded the square in a dense ring.
The (not) received telegram on time made us change our plans.
Loud speech is by no means (not) always a sign of intelligence.
It's hard to live in a foreign country (not) knowing the language.
Answer:__________________
2. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
There were (no) tracks visible in the fresh snow.
Pavel Ivanovich's features are (not) devoid of pleasantness.
In this (un) thinned forest, young trees grow slowly.
Nearby there was a rustle of reeds with still (not) blossoming tassels.
(Not) asking ford, (don't) pop into the water
Answer:__________________
3. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
Our horses were (not) exhausted.
All operational documents (not) excluding combat logs were destroyed.
Andrei Andreevich was a simple man, who (did not) understand anything about thoroughbred horses.
The sailors treated the passengers with (un) ordinary cordiality.
A soul that has never (not) suffered can (not) comprehend happiness.
Answer:__________________
4. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is spelled together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
All alone, he stood for a minute, (not) daring to move on.
We (had no) where to call the city.
The windows were (not) washed and wide open.
Stepan was (not) accustomed to listening to women's advice.
The boy was dressed (not) in a country style.
Answer:__________________
5. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The journalist's question seemed to him (not) empty, but on the contrary, thoughtful and interesting.
The archaeologists of the Rostov region are concerned about the development of (not) researched territories by scientists.
Contrary to my fears, the suitcase was not at all (not) heavy.
Answer:__________________
6. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The plots across the river were (not) built up.
A (not) idle curiosity led me to this city.
(Not) harsh, but in a quiet and calm voice, my grandmother spoke to me this time.
Any work was (not) hateful to him.
A new article on the work of this filmmaker is (not) published yet.
Answer:__________________
7. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The book is still (not) read.
Let it be (not) in my opinion.
They listened to him (not) interrupting.
The epithet is a figurative, (un) usual definition.
The Don at the place of the crossing is far (not) wide, some thirty or forty meters.
Answer:__________________
8. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
We wander along paths where grass is (not) mowed.
In the steppe, a salty swamp (not) drying out even in the heat of the day has formed.
It was a far (not) easy choice.
Only one strip is (not) compressed, she brings a sad thought.
Answer:__________________
9. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is spelled together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
An almost (not) noticeable gray bird fluttered out of the bushes.
Toys (not) sold out on time were discounted.
Dunya is (not) devoid of charm.
The wind shakes the stalk with the (not) dried dew.
Until the New Year (not) more than a week.
Answer:__________________
10. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The Gordeevs lived in a house with log walls, not yet (not) plastered.
Ivan became convinced that the clinic was (not) a bad team.
The vines of willows and the leaves of the oak shine like lips (not) wiped by hand.
From around the corner came the hunter Danilo, gray-haired, wrinkled, but by no means (not) old.
Seryozha, (not) in a hurry, turned the page.
Answer:__________________
11. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
Father ordered, (not) staying at the hotel, to go to the pier.
The house stood in the middle of the steppe, with nothing (not) fenced off.
The hosts received the guests with (un) usual cordiality.
But fear (not) gripped my soul.
The solution to the problem is (not) thought out.
Answer:__________________
12. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
It was decided to stay for the night in an oak forest - a corner of nature (not) touched by civilization.
The poet laughs at his heroes, but (not) evil, but good-naturedly.
The colonel carefully closed the door to a small (not) palace-like room with telephones.
The (un) familiar lines sounded bright and melodic.
There was (not) a month in the sky, and the stars were shining brightly.
Answer:__________________
13. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
Such a speech, by no means (not) devoid of meaning, puzzled Ivan.
There was no way (there was) no way to postpone the trip.
Artist Savrasov was born in Moscow in 1830 into an (un) wealthy merchant family.
Dunya was (not) hurrying home.
This film is (not) more interesting than yesterday.
Answer:__________________
14. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is spelled together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
Beyond the watershed, abandoned, hitherto (un) developed lands began.
On the new section of the road, traffic restriction signs have not yet been removed.
It was necessary (not) to hesitate to go further.
A (un) decorated Christmas tree stood in the middle of the living room.
The huntsman's straight hair, (un) combed for a long time, stuck out from under the cap like straw
Answer:__________________
15. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
They listened to him (not) interrupting.
More than a third of students gave (incorrect) answers to tasks of increased difficulty.
Misha was (not) like his brother.
Pakistan is home to the highest of the (un) conquered peaks in the world.
I knew Paul (not) for the first year.
Answer:__________________
16. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
At first it seemed to me that Svetlana was (not) happy to see me.
The sidewalks are (not) cleaned, and there is melting snow all around on huge boulders.
This happened (not) often.
(Don't) promise a crane in the sky, give a tit in your hands
(Not) anyone to ask the questions that torment Pierre after the duel in Sokolniki.
Answer:__________________
17. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The room was (not) lit, so it was difficult to distinguish the faces of the people sitting opposite.
Timothy the cat is (not) less than ten years old.
The still (not) healed wound made itself felt.
An almost (not) noticeable smile flashed across the player's face.
The computer is (not) connected to the network.
Answer:__________________
18. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
There were (no) lights visible behind the fog.
Geese choose an even, (not) reedy shore for the night.
The air, which has (not) become sultry yet, pleasantly refreshes.
The gift, although (not) expensive, is very useful.
At the pentathlon competitions, Anton showed a far (not) best result.
Answer:__________________
19. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is spelled together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The birds are driven to the south by the (not) coming cold, and the lack of food.
His brother (not) honored him with even a reproach.
The keys are still (not) found.
A new tenant has arrived to us - (not) who Kuznetsov.
(Not) able to realize himself in life, Bazarov shows his best qualities in the face of death.
Answer:__________________
20. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
(Not) happiness ensures success on the exam, but good knowledge of the subject.
At first glance, the professor seemed to me nothing (not) remarkable person.
(Not) grumbling, the cat (not) will eat a piece.
(Not) looking around, he silently walked past us.
At first, everyone was silent, pondering how to start a conversation in this (un) familiar environment.
Answer:__________________
21. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
Many very (not) expensive hotels in Finland allow guests to take pets with them.
(Despite) being tired, Alexander continued to work.
(Not) undressing, he lay down on the spring sofa.
In order for talent to manifest itself, a person must make (not) little, but a lot of effort.
It is (not) their business to give advice.
There is a (not) large, but a small lake in the forest.
Answer:__________________
22. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
Building a porch turned out to be (not) an easy task for me.
Only (un) completed works were found in the artist's studio.
In his youth, he was a far (not) poor man.
On it lay the stamp of a different feeling, (not) conveyed by words.
Egor walked in thought, (not) looking around.
Answer:__________________
23. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The (not) heavy rains washed out the road, but the spring flood.
When I got to the house, the gate was (not) locked.
Works on interior decoration premises are (not) completed yet.
The river ran along the (not) high steep bank.
(Not) killing the bear, the skins are not sold.
Answer:__________________
24. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The exploits of our great-grandfathers are (not) forgotten by us.
A glass with (not) finished milk was on the table.
I was determined to (not) succumb to his authority and continue on my way.
When Dymov was seated and given tea, he seemed (not) to calm down.
(Not) looking more at those present, she continued her speech.
Answer:__________________
25. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
She was far (not) beautiful.
All the sailors (not) on watch went to the upper deck.
Raisky, (not) moving, looked at this whole scene.
The garden is especially nice, (not) large, but dense and pleasantly intricate.
The hero's actions are by no means (not) simple.
Answer:__________________
26. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
There is an amazing, (un) broken silence all around.
Thoughts about the work (not) finished yesterday made Mikhail go faster.
The travelers walked without rest all day long, (not) feeling tired.
He was (not) tall, well built, very attractive in face.
The reasons for the migration of these rare birds are (not) studied yet.
Answer:__________________
27. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
I didn't want to think about the promise (not) fulfilled yesterday.
Today his words sounded (not) warm and affectionate, as before, but cold and somehow aloof.
It's (not) nice to walk in such damp weather.
(Without) hesitating for a minute, the guys packed their bags.
(Do not) notice the crack watchman, the food could go off the rails.
Answer:__________________
28. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
The secret is (not) revealed.
The audience (not) wondered, looking at the preparations of the artists.
He stood there, (not) daring to move on.
The book (not) half-read lay on the bedside table.
(Not) constant luck, but painstaking work was the key to his success.
Answer:__________________
29. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
(Not) fond of speaking lofty words, he nevertheless spoke brightly and convincingly at the meeting.
This story has not yet been written by the author, but everyone knows that it will be a masterpiece.
Ivan was young and in everyday affairs he was known as (not) dull.
The kitchen window was (not) curtained.
This person is (not) unimaginative.
Answer:__________________
30. Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written together. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
(Despite) the bad weather, the competition on the terrain was successful.
The rain continued, but (not) heavy, like in the morning, but drizzling.
The lamps were (not) lit yet, so the living room was dark and mysterious.
(Not) remembering evil, we will reward for the good.
It was (nothing) but a fire.
Answer:__________________
Particle spelling algorithm not with nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in -o:
1
The sun - not fiery, not incandescent, as during a sultry drought, not dull-purple, as before a storm, but bright and welcomingly radiant - peacefully emerges from under a narrow and long cloud (T.). I involuntarily admired Pavlusha (T.). The stormy wind was breathing (P.). A small cauldron hung over one of the lights ... (T.) She was far from beautiful (L.). We had a leisurely conversation with each other (Paust.). The sun was not cloudy, as in the evening, but bright, rested during the night (Paust.). Tears appeared in her eyes, not timid, not bitter, but proud, angry tears (Ch.). The sun burned like yesterday, the air was motionless and dull (Ch.). To the right and to the left of the gazebo, there were uneven clay banks (Ch.). Davydov walked unhurriedly, but with a broad step (Shol.). Hearing no answer, Pechorin took several steps towards the door (L.). To the right, a yellow, unblinking star stood low above the wooded hills (A.N.T.). In extraordinary silence, dawn is born (Paust.). Pechorin was unwell for a long time, emaciated, poor thing (L.). The expression of this look was very vague, but not mocking (L.). The stranger, when they saw him, turned out to be a man of about thirty, ugly and not remarkable at all (Ch.). Outside the window was burning, a dim light could not go out (Paust.). The hut was useless (A.T.N.). Memories are not yellowed letters, not old age, not dried flowers and relics, but a living, trembling world full of poetry (Paust.). The whirlwind, not cold, but warm, hit the trees, the walls, the street (T.). The garden is especially nice, small but dense and pleasantly intricate (M.G.). She began to sing: her voice is not bad. (L.) ... I intend to slip away immediately (T.).
2
Someone was walking slowly along the alley (Ch.). The blizzard fiercely besieged the stallion in front of the boy's very nose, almost crushing him (Fad.). Yegorushka quickly, not wanting to think about anything, put a bundle under his head, hid his coat (Ch.). The blizzard looked around, listened and, not finding anything suspicious, silently and quickly jumped over the fence (Fad.). Without killing the bear, the skins are not sold (last). Not knowing who was calling us, or where to go, and I and the old woman jumped up and rushed through the smoke after the sailor (T.).
3
She was indignant, hated aunt (C.). Rice in pies is undercooked (C). The houses are new, but the prejudices are old. Rejoice - neither their years, nor fashion, nor fires will destroy them (Gr.). None of them sway a white leaf on birch trees (P.). He lived as if he did not notice anyone around him and did not need anyone (T.). ... And he did not need anything, and nothing connected him (T.). But, not recognizing anything, he not only was not a gloomy, bored and resonant youth, but, on the contrary, was constantly carried away (L.T.). Klim has never spoken to anyone as he did to Marina (M.G.). Kiselev took part in the wars with Napoleon, but he was never not only wounded, but even scratched (Paust.). Somehow having said goodbye, without looking at anyone's face, Volodya left the dining room (Ch.). The goose was not in the least offended that an unfamiliar dog was eating his food (Ch.). I will leave Rome forever: I hate slavery (P.).
4
In general, of all the people who have ever met with Chekhov, it seems that there was not one who, remembering him, would not have noted this deeply popular trait: a fierce hatred of self-aggrandizement and arrogance. It was impossible to believe that the one before whom the whole country is in awe, could not feel his glory to such an extent.
It was as if he set a task for himself: to shake off, not to stick out his “I” to anyone, not to oppress anyone with his merits. “When they write about me, it worries me unpleasantly,” Chekhov said.
Do not extract any privileges from your talent, so that it does not become an obstacle between him and other people. Never, under any circumstances, allow yourself any conceit or arrogance.
Chekhov wrote to the editorial office of the magazine: “Please do not print me so long in advertisements. This is not accepted. " When the complete collection of his works was being published, Chekhov, as a special service, asked the publisher not to print either his portrait or his biography. In general, it would be nice if young writers, having studied Chekhov's biography in detail, made her a model of their behavior, because this biography is, first of all, a textbook of writer's modesty.
K. Chukovsky “A. P. Chekhov ".
This man's real name was Evgraf Ivanov; but no one in the whole neighborhood called him otherwise than Stunned. Indeed, this nickname was the best fit for his insignificant, eternally alarmed features. Stunned was a bachelor courtyard who had gone on a spree, who, having no position, not receiving a penny of salary, found, however, a means to have fun every day at someone else's expense. He had many acquaintances who gave him wine and tea, without knowing why, because he was not only funny in society, but even, on the contrary, annoyed everyone with his meaningless chatter, unbearable obsession, feverish body movements and incessant unnatural laughter. He did not know how to sing or dance, from his childhood he didn’t say not only a smart, even sensible word: he kept talking and lying ...
And yet not a single drinking party for forty miles around was complete without his lanky figure spinning right there between the guests - so they got used to him and tolerated his presence as an inevitable evil.
Morgach was not at all like Stunned. The name Morgach also came to him, although he did not blink his eyes more than other people. Despite my efforts to find out more thoroughly the past of this man, dark spots remained for me in his life. This is an experienced person, on his own mind, not evil and not kind, but more calculating. He is cautious and adventurous at the same time, like a fox. I have never seen more penetrating and clever eyes, like his tiny, sly "peepers". They never look directly - they all look out and spy on. They do not like him, because he himself does not care about anyone.
I. S. Turgenev (260 words)
1
The heroes of L. Tolstoy are indefinable. You can define something static, motionless, stopped in its development, while the heroes of Tolstoy never appear before us in a finished form. They are not created once and for all, they are always created over and over again. One property will appear in them and perish, giving way to another, reincarnating in a third - and there is nothing solid, established, frozen in them. And when, a few pages later, we again meet some of the heroes in Tolstoy, this hero is already new, and he, and not the same, and if he has something that remains unchanged, it is precisely that spiritual melody, that spiritual coloring that Tolstoy gives each of the characters. And most importantly, we do not notice at all in Tolstoy any work, any tension. It’s as if it’s very easy to create thousands of people, to put everyone in the center of the universe ... Until now, not a single writer could do this. Tolstoy, on the other hand, carrying out this greatest work, impossible for human hands, will never take a breath, will not hesitate, will not stop. It seems that Tolstoy's creations were not created by man, but grew by themselves. Before "War and Peace" it is as if you are standing on the shore of the ocean and you feel small, insignificant. In general, nothing human can be imagined in Tolstoy as an artist. No lyrics, no pathos, no ups. His inhuman inspiration is steady, steady, confident. All events in his creations ripen not earlier and not later than necessary.
K. Chukovsky “L. Tolstoy ".
2
There were also meetings, frank conversations, when a feeling appears that the protective skin is slipping from the soul as if by itself, and she, peeled and defenseless, screams at the slightest touch, but for me the main thing has already taken place there, in a small unknown village in Bryansk , my native village Pigtail. The last war left its indelible imprint on the fate of every person in our country, even if he was even born after; Yes, the people found the strength to rebuild hundreds of cities and thousands of villages that were erased from the earth; moreover, the people, the very many-sided and inexhaustible, showed unprecedented possibilities of moving on; denying himself the essentials, he was the first to step into space, and this miracle was a natural continuation of the unthinkable feat of war and victory; the people had to, as it were, look at their face from the distant, almost divine, from those spaces, at that distance when only the essence is drawn, only the main thing, and everything superficial, temporary, accidental is eliminated. And the people saw their own face, the face of a creator and creator, a pioneer ... - and this was the meaning of a breakthrough into space, a daring, invisible, nonrandom breakthrough. We are all busy with the difficult arithmetic of everyday life; this is natural - the exploit of space could take place only relying on the continent of the imperceptible, everyday, painstaking work of millions, but it was not for nothing that a gigantic country rejoiced from one edge to another from ocean to ocean, and there was no person in it who did not consider himself involved in this event century.
P. Proskurin "Return".
3
On that early spring day, I saw for the first time in the hands of schoolchildren, bouquets of fresh wonderful roses - scarlet, white, deeply deep burgundy. Bryansk land - and roses? It was something completely incompatible for me, I knew my land in every kind - torn, drenched from end to end with blood, in swollen fires, in gallows, I saw her roads littered with corpses, I saw the eyes of her children on the faces dried up by hunger, who seemed senile. with unhealthy, thin, wrinkled skin.
All my life flashed before me, and next to it was the grave of my mother; The churchyard could be seen half a kilometer away, in liquid spring willows across a field glistening with spring water on the lowlands. All this field I more than once went from end to end, here I plowed and mowed, here more than once tall golden ricks grew, and cheerful work ended here, it happened, late at night, when stars poured into the black, stuffy sky; I remembered a lot while I was moving across the muddy field; most importantly, there was still a strange and unusual feeling of the return of the earth. In the distance, in a black semicircle, the spring bulk of the forest could be seen, above it the sky - a swift, transparent ...
On the slopes of the hills facing south, the first greenery was already smoking, I walked, and it still seemed that there was no past, never was and could not be, that the past was simply invented, and that the so-called past is the person himself, his arms and legs, his body, heart and brain, his experience, his field and his sky, and that even graves are living letters, always available, telling a tired heart about the most intimate.
The churchyard, which was pierced through and through by the wind, was small, the willows, ready to explode in the first green, whined quietly; The churchyard was located on a sandy hillock, and it was relatively dry here. I put roses at the foot of the iron cross; it was chilly and spacious around, only the horizons were shining, and the wind blew freely and freely from edge to edge.
P. Proskurin "Return".
4
Village life, constant and close communication with the simple, closely connected with nature world of people for me continued in later life in fits and starts, during short and hasty visits to my mother and brother. I myself had already left directly from the very cycle of rural life, that is, I no longer plowed, did not sow, did not rejoice at the first successful seedlings that densely streaked the field, I no longer felt the warm, sweaty wool of the cow-nurse when she returned home in the evening , smelled of fresh milk and the healing infusion of forest and meadow grasses, and when, shoveling a horde of mosquitoes and midges from her back with a bare palm or a tight bundle of straw, you feel your ancient kinship with the great and immortal world of nature, and the roosters at dawn already woke me up somehow otherwise, I listened to them already with a certain feeling of sadness and confusion in front of the rapidly flashing time, and this, too, could not be changed.
I do not believe those writers who left the village and who, returning from time to time to their father's doorstep, try to assure others that nothing has changed for them in relation to the earth, with nature, and they are the same as they were before their departure to city life. This does not happen, the ancients are right, you cannot enter the same river twice - and you change, and the river changes; with age, only the attracting mirages of childhood or adolescence remain.
P. Proskurin "Return".
5
Sometimes you need to go back in order to understand and tell yourself again and again that you yourself and everything that is yours came out of childhood and youth, and thus, as it were, to justify what is happening in yourself and around; without this, the further path loses all meaning.
Having found one fine day, after much thought and agony, a regional office on the organizational set and having studied the list of places where both male and female "labor force" were required, I chose the most distant thing that had ever been, Kamchatka, although a minute earlier I had absolutely no thought of what Kamchatka, and without hesitation, immediately entered into an agreement, handed over the passport to a voluminous citizen, with a thick briefcase, an authorized representative of the organizational set, a certain Titov, received one hundred and fifty rubles from him in exchange, listened attentively to his instructions when it would be necessary to appear finally and what was necessary take with him, and with a relieved soul went out into the street. And immediately the whole world changed, it became easy and free for me - there are more than three years of unknown, but quite stable life ahead; it will henceforth be determined by articles of excellent government paper with the name "Labor contract" under No. 123 of June 15, 1954; and, consequently, I was provided for another three years with the opportunity to write poetry, plays, stories and even novels (by this time I had already written several chapters of a science fiction novel about a journey to the center of the Earth, it’s a pity, right, that these chapters, written on wallpaper, Then they ate the mice, when my mother, after my departure to Kamchatka, collected my writings, put them in a box from under German mines, locked it with two locks and put this box for safekeeping in the driest place - on the ceiling, in the attic).
At that time I did not think of anything else and set off aimlessly to wander the streets of my hometown; love for him was ineradicable in me, despite the most difficult and terrible moments in my life associated with him.
P. Proskurin "Return".
6
Lord, what are people doing in big cities and wherever they do not huddle when they come there to win glory, in pursuit of happiness, or, like my friend, for the sake of fulfilling their vocation!
My friend has not made a single film, but I dare to think that cinema was really his calling. In those years, I knew many people who imagined themselves in a dream and in reality as filmmakers and cameramen, many of them, by the way, managed to fulfill their hopes, but never, neither in those memorable days, nor after, I have not met a person to such an extent obsessed with cinema like a friend of mine. In a sense, his whole life was perceived by him as a semblance of one endless, sometimes sensationally exciting, sometimes elegiac-contemplative tape; and maybe, and vice versa, all the vanity of life, rivalry, collisions, losses made sense for him only as a possible material for plot intricacies, turns and moves. The exclamation in the bus skirmish sounded for him a successful replica in the dialogue, the arms of the lovers in the gateway expressed a curious mise-en-scene, the view from the window of the Moscow rooftops and decrepit lime trees seemed like a plan noticed just in case.
The fullness of being was embodied for my friend by the cinema. And he endowed him with incomparable happiness, and tormented him with the pain of resentment. Only here the source of existence could not serve him in any way. At this point, considerations about the unreliability, insecurity of any frantic devotion in general come to mind - I'm afraid this topic will lead me far. We are talking about the offensively icy day of early winter, when we, sitting in a smoky room of one of the editorial offices, wandered into which not even for the sake of earning, but for the sake of communication, company, for the sake of the fact that a person, as Dostoevsky noted, needs to go somewhere. then go.
A. Makarov “Coat from the purchase”.
7
Many different thoughts and feelings flashed through my head while I wandered along the quiet streets overgrown with the usual elastic grass; the former town, cozy, with old merchant houses, with intricate stucco molding on the pediments and on the cornices, and there was no trace - the war did not spare anything, and even the old churches and monasteries with their three-meter thick walls at the bases, not to mention the tops, domes, segments were irreparably crippled. I walked along the street of my childhood, on it, too, there were almost no old, familiar houses, I saw housing hastily erected again, rising up; I walked along the street from the center to the river, in the same way that I once drove innumerable times to the meadow and drove geese home, ran to swim on hot summer days, carried water from a water pump in a barrel placed on a sled in winter, or climbed over the monastery fence to the stadium during football matches ... It seemed to me that none of this happened, that all this was seen in some kind of happy, vague dream - and then I understood, rather, I did not understand, but with my skin I felt, felt that the best , in spite of everything, a part of life, when every moment was a unique recognition, discovery, is already behind and will never return.
Imperceptibly I went out of the city and sat for a long time on the cliff, not tearing myself away from the wide expanse of flooded meadows with a river winding along them, spreading below, still in some places covered with hollow water - desertion and uncertainty were in front of me. Only then, many years later, I realized that this was that reserved country of my childhood, from which a different path began, a different countdown of life, this was my Russia, and this Russia will spill a fiery thread through my heart for the rest of my life, and I will always remember this moment at the end of my childhood, I will remember that from this moment I will never be afraid again.
P. Proskurin "Return".
8
1) Morozna did not like clean people. In his life practice, these were fickle, worthless people who cannot be trusted. 2) He (Levinson) was unusually patient and persistent, like an old taiga wolf, which, perhaps, already lacks teeth, but which imperiously leads packs - the invincible wisdom of many generations. 3) In the warm evening haze, in the creak of loaded carts, in the lingering mooing of well-fed, half-milked cows, a man's day was extinguished. 4) Levinson listened without interfering. 5) Frost hesitated. Levinson leaned forward and, immediately grabbing him like a pair of pincers, with an unblinking gaze, pulled him out of the crowd like a nail. 6) Frost has lagged behind imperceptibly. The last men overtook him. They spoke now calmly, without haste, as if they were going from work, and not from a gathering. 7) Levinson seemed to show people that he perfectly understands why everything is happening and where it is leading, that there is nothing unusual or terrible in this and he, Levinson, has long had an exact, infallible plan of salvation. In fact, he not only did not have any plan, but in general he felt confused, like a student who was forced to immediately solve a problem with many unknowns.
A. A. Fadeev "The Defeat".
9
Since the introduction of local time, there has been an unimaginable confusion over the schedules of air, rail and bus routes. Thousands of letters were poured into newspapers and offices, and I myself, who seemed to be good at counting, got into trouble several times with these flights, which were designed either for Moscow or local time. In the Committee on Meteorology, someone simply has nothing to do ... In general, the psychology of an employee in the capital is very, very different from the psychology of a regional one, it is noticeable even at the level of a cleaning lady, not to mention a hotel administrator.
At the Moskva hotel I let the black Volga go. The entrance from the side of the Historical Museum was closed, I skirted the massive colonnade, but the doorman from the State Planning Commission sent me back. Maybe so that I do not spoil the plastic trees in the lobby - a pitiful remnant of the Hammer Summer Garden, which is located in a shopping center next to the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR. Ten people like me were nervous for about fifteen minutes. glass doors... Finally they let us in. I have always been amazed to see the metamorphosis occurring to people in the face of a ticket clerk or hotel receptionist. Respectable uncles immediately lose their appearance, turn into pitiful supplicants, diminutive suffixes appear in their speech. Do I really look the same now with my ID?
V. Belov "One of a Thousand".
10
Ivin and the lieutenant walked along the bank to the bridge, their wet heads dry and the sun hot them, burning their long overheated bare shoulders. The lieutenant admired the distant white cloud, the outlines resembling a huge fish, and suddenly saw that a dark dot swirled on the dazzling white side of the cloud - a hawk wandering in the skies. The lieutenant turned to Ivin, wanting to say something funny or just friendly, but, looking at the soldier's face, he sighed and said nothing. And again I thought about the sad business with which I was going to the regiment. The lieutenant knew what awaited Ivin, he also knew what troubles awaited him.
Ivin, walking behind the lieutenant, languished from the heat and reluctantly thought that all people are equal ... equal, of course, but why does this boy have such power over him? Ivin gazed dejectedly at the triangular back of the lieutenant, on which the muscles swelled and disappeared, and tried to figure out why this slender boy should be called "Comrade Senior Lieutenant." But Ivin's thoughts flowed lazily, there was some kind of indistinct hum in his head, for moments wearily wanted to disappear altogether, to dissolve in an ardent, thoughtless solar element, and he obediently walked after the lieutenant, who suddenly wanted to go up the river and again swim downstream to the clay cliffs.
A. Kim "Stop in August".
11
By the way, one evening I went to the so-called Quarantine. This is a small, bald grove, in which once in a forgotten plague time there was in fact a quarantine, now summer residents live. It is necessary to go to it from the city four miles along a good soft road. You go and see: to the left the blue sea, to the right the endless gloomy steppe; breathes easily, and eyes are not cramped. The grove itself is located on the seashore. Letting go of my cab, I entered the familiar gate and first of all went down the alley to the small stone arbor, which I loved as a child. In my opinion, this round, heavy pavilion on clumsy columns, combining the lyricism of the old grave monument with the clumsy Sobakevich, was the most poetic corner in the entire city.
I sat down on a bench and, leaning over the railing, looked down. A path ran from the gazebo along a steep, almost sheer bank, past blocks of clay and burdock; where it ended, far below, on the sandy coast, low waves foamed lazily and gently purred. The sea was the same stately, endless and inhospitable, as seven years before, when I, having finished my course at the gymnasium, left my hometown for the capital; in the distance a streak of smoke darkened — it was a steamer, and, apart from this barely visible and motionless strip, nothing enlivened the monotonous picture of the sea and sky. Rough clay banks stretched to the right and left of the gazebo ...
A. P. Chekhov "Lights": (213 words)
12
The sun, gaining the April height, was unobtrusive, but encouraging, and that is why it must have been so good for people selling something, looking at something and buying. In the first minutes Ivan, stunned by the bustle of the fair, did not notice a single gloomy face. Everyone was happy, everyone smiled at each other - both those who offered and unrolled the product, and those who stomped in front of the product, and there was nothing to say about those who tried on and showed the new product.
First I had to look around. The people changed rapidly, and gradually Ivan began to distinguish stray, casual, visitors from regulars. The first, he noticed, circled stupidly in the human whirlpool, climbed here and there, almost without stagnating, with scattering and surprised eyes. The regulars were in no hurry - they slowly, without scolding even an overly dashing impudent man, moved from one place to another, studied the goods with concentration, apparently making complex estimates and calculations in their minds.
Ilya Kashafutdinov Jeans.
13
No country in the world is surrounded by such contradictory myths about its history as Russia, and no nation in the world is assessed as differently as Russian.
N. Berdyaev constantly noted the polarization of the Russian character, in which, in a strange way, completely opposite features are combined: kindness with cruelty, spiritual subtlety with rudeness, extreme love of freedom with despotism, altruism with selfishness, self-deprecation with national pride and chauvinism. And much more. Another reason is that various "theories", ideology, and tendentious coverage of the present and the past played a huge role in Russian history. Let me give you one of the obvious examples: the Peter's reform. Its implementation required completely distorted ideas about the previous Russian history. Since a closer rapprochement with Europe was needed, it means that it was necessary to assert that Russia was completely fenced off from Europe. Since it was necessary to move forward faster, it means that it was necessary to create a myth about Russia inert, inactive, etc. Since a new culture was needed, it means that the old one was no good. As was often the case in Russian life, moving forward required a solid blow to everything old. And this was done with such energy that the entire seven-century Russian history was rejected and slandered. Peter the Great was the creator of the myth about the history of Russia. He can be considered the creator of the myth about himself. Meanwhile, Peter was a typical pupil of the 17th century, a baroque man, the embodiment of the teachings of the pedagogical poetry of Simeon of Polotsk, the court poet of his father, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
D.S.Likhachev. "Russian culture in the modern world".